The present invention relates to a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor comprising a catalyst bed for CO.sub.X hydrogenation in a discharge region; and a method to produce light hydrocarbons from a CO.sub.X-containing gas mixture in the DBD plasma reactor. In the DBD plasma reactor for a CO.sub.X hydrogenation reaction, the catalyst for CO.sub.X hydrogenation comprises a catalytically active component on a mesoporous support that is a dielectric. When the DBD plasma reactor for a CO.sub.X hydrogenation reaction according to the present invention is used, it is possible to convert by-product gases or waste gases into higher-value-added chemical products without additional heat supply from the outside.

Apparatus and methods for facilitating an intramolecular reaction that occurs in single collisions of CO.sub.2 molecules (or their derivatives amenable to controllable acceleration, such as CO.sub.2.sup.+ ions) with a solid surface, such that molecular oxygen (or its relevant analogs, e.g., O.sub.2.sup.+ and O.sub.2.sup.− ions) is directly produced are provided. The reaction is driven by kinetic energy and is independent of surface composition and temperature. The methods and apparatus may be used to remove CO.sub.2 from Earth's atmosphere, while, in other embodiments, the methods and apparatus may be used to prevent the atmosphere's contamination with CO.sub.2 emissions. In yet other embodiments, the methods and apparatus may be used to obtain molecular oxygen in CO.sub.2-rich environments, such as to facilitate exploration of extraterrestrial bodies with CO.sub.2-rich atmospheres (e.g. Mars).

A plasma generator generates atmospheric pressure, low temperature plasma (cold plasma), and includes a thin plate-like first electrode defining a planar bottom surface. A thin plate-like second electrode defines a planar top surface. The second electrode opposes the first electrode, such that the bottom surface of the first electrode faces the top surface of the second electrode. A first dielectric layer is disposed on the bottom surface of the first electrode, and a second dielectric layer is disposed on the top surface of the second electrode. A spacer supports the first and second electrodes to define a predetermined gap between the first and second dielectric layers. A power supply supplies electrical power to the first and second electrodes at a predetermined voltage and frequency, such that, based on the predetermined gap between the first and second dielectric layers, cold plasma is generated.

Disclosed is a skin care device using plasma. The skin care device may include a first plasma generating device; and a main body configured to supply power to the first plasma generating device and to control the first plasma generating device based on an input from a user.

Disclosed is a plasma generator. The plasma generator may include a gripping portion including at least one interface unit configured to receive an input from a user; a head portion including a plasma generating portion configured to generate the plasma; a first cartridge configured to detachably couple at a first end of the head portion and generate the plasma over a predetermined region; and a light irradiation portion provided at a second end of the head portion.

Disclosed is a plasma generator. The plasma generator may include a gripping portion including at least one interface unit configured to receive an input from a user; a head portion including a plasma generating portion configured to generate the plasma; a first cartridge configured to detachably couple at a first end of the head portion and generate the plasma over a predetermined region; and a light irradiation portion provided at a second end of the head portion.

Apparatus and methods for facilitating an intramolecular reaction that occurs in single collisions of CO.sub.2 molecules (or their derivatives amenable to controllable acceleration, such as CO.sub.2.sup.+ ions) with a solid surface, such that molecular oxygen (or its relevant analogs, e.g., O.sub.2.sup.+ and O.sub.2.sup.? ions) is directly produced are provided. The reaction is driven by kinetic energy and is independent of surface composition and temperature. The methods and apparatus may be used to remove CO.sub.2 from Earth's atmosphere, while, in other embodiments, the methods and apparatus may be used to prevent the atmosphere's contamination with CO.sub.2 emissions. In yet other embodiments, the methods and apparatus may be used to obtain molecular oxygen in CO.sub.2-rich environments, such as to facilitate exploration of extraterrestrial bodies with CO.sub.2-rich atmospheres (e.g. Mars).

The embodiments disclosed herein are directed to systems, methods, and devices for pyrolysis of methane in a microwave plasma for hydrogen production and structured carbon powder. Some methods are directed to producing a structured carbon powder using a microwave generated plasma comprising injecting a plasma gas comprising methane (CH.sub.4) into a liner, the liner in communication with a microwave waveguide; propagating microwaves through the microwave waveguide, the microwaves generated using a microwave generator; and generating a microwave plasma by contacting the plasma gas with the microwaves.

Embodiments relate to a plasma generator including a dielectric layer elongated in a longitudinal direction that extends 0.01 mm-2 mm in a thickness direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The dielectric layer defines first and second planar surfaces that are separated in the thickness direction. A first electrode is disposed along a first portion of the first planar surface. A second electrode is disposed along a second portion of the second planar surface, such that at least a part of the first and second portions are separated in the longitudinal direction of the dielectric layer. A power supply is configured to supply electrical power to the first and second electrodes at a predetermined voltage and frequency, wherein plasma is generated adjacent each of the first and second electrodes and along the first and second surfaces of the dielectric layer other than the first and second portions.

Disclosed is a skin care device using plasma. The skin care device may include a first plasma generating device; and a main body configured to supply power to the first plasma generating device and to control the first plasma generating device based on an input from a user.