A soldering apparatus, in particular a reflow soldering apparatus, for the continuous soldering of printed circuit boards along a transport direction, including a process channel that has a preheating zone, a soldering zone and a cooling zone, and further includes a base body and a cover hood movable between a closed position and an open position, wherein nozzle plates, fan units with fan motors, air ducts that conduct the process gas, filter elements and/or cooling elements are provided in the base body. The soldering apparatus further includes a drawer, which extends along a pull-out direction running transversely to the transport direction, is provided in the base body, with a bottom, a front wall and a rear side. Air ducts for conducting the process gas, at least one replaceable filter element in a filter region and at least one cooling device are provided in the drawer.

A wiring substrate includes a first insulating layer, a conductor layer including first and second conductor pads, a second insulating layer having an opening exposing the second conductor pads, and a wiring structure including a resin insulating layer and a wiring layer and formed in the opening of the second insulating layer. The wiring structure has first surface side connection pads, second surface side connection pads and electrically connected to the second conductor pads of the conductor layer, and conductors that electrically connect the first surface side connection pads and the second surface side connection pads, the first surface side connection pads form a component mounting surface having first and second component mounting region, and the first surface side connection pads include a group of pads in the first region and a group of pads in the second region electrically connected to the group of pads in the first region.

A touch panel and a method of manufacturing the touch panel are provided. The touch panel includes a substrate comprising a wiring area and a sensor area, a sensing pattern located on a surface of the substrate in the sensor area, and a wiring line located on the surface of the substrate in the wiring area and electrically connected to the sensing pattern. The sensing pattern includes a plurality of first fine metal lines arranged irregularly in a mesh, and a first photosensitive layer pattern residue located between at least two of the first fine metal lines.

A touch panel and a method of manufacturing the touch panel are provided. The touch panel includes a substrate comprising a wiring area and a sensor area, a sensing pattern located on a surface of the substrate in the sensor area, and a wiring line located on the surface of the substrate in the wiring area and electrically connected to the sensing pattern. The sensing pattern includes a plurality of first fine metal lines arranged irregularly in a mesh, and a first photosensitive layer pattern residue located between at least two of the first fine metal lines.

Pastes are disclosed that are configured to coat a passage of a substrate. When the paste is sintered, the paste becomes electrically conductive so as to transmit electrical signals from a first end of the passage to a second end of the passage that is opposite the first end of the passage. The metallized paste contains a lead-free glass frit, and has a coefficient of thermal expansion sufficiently matched to the substrate so as to avoid cracking of the sintered paste, the substrate, or both, during sintering.

A method for curing solder paste on a thermally fragile substrate is disclosed. An optically reflective layer and an optically absorptive layer are printed on a thermally fragile substrate. Multiple conductive traces are selectively deposited on the optically reflective layer and on the optically absorptive layer. Solder paste is then applied on selective locations that are corresponding to locations of the optically absorptive layer. After a component has been placed on the solder paste, the substrate is irradiated from one side with uniform pulsed light. The optically absorptive layer absorbs the pulsed light and becomes heated, and the heat is subsequently transferred to the solder paste and the component via thermal conduction in order to heat and melt the solder paste.

A method for curing solder paste on a thermally fragile substrate is disclosed. An optically reflective layer and an optically absorptive layer are printed on a thermally fragile substrate. Multiple conductive traces are selectively deposited on the optically reflective layer and on the optically absorptive layer. Solder paste is then applied on selective locations that are corresponding to locations of the optically absorptive layer. After a component has been placed on the solder paste, the substrate is irradiated from one side with uniform pulsed light. The optically absorptive layer absorbs the pulsed light and becomes heated, and the heat is subsequently transferred to the solder paste and the component via thermal conduction in order to heat and melt the solder paste.

Provided is a conductor bonding method capable of simply and easily performing a conductor bonding operation by placing conductive particle patterns and a conductive particle fixing material directly on lead terminals of an electronic device, the conductor bonding method includes 1) placing a first conductive particle fixing material 110 on lead terminals 2 of a display panel 1 (S100), 2) forming conductive particle patterns by placing conductive particles 120 in a dense state only on regions, in an upper surface of the first conductive particle fixing material 110, corresponding to the regions where the lead terminals 2 are formed in the display panel 1 (S200), 3) aligning a conductor 3 on the lead terminals 2 of the display panel 1, on which the first conductive particle fixing material and the conductive particle patterns are formed in step 1) and step 2) (S100-S200) (S300), and 4) bonding the aligned conductor 3 to the lead terminals 2 by applying heat or pressure (S400).

A polyamic acid as a polymer of a dianhydride monomer and a diamine monomer is disclosed. The dianhydride monomer is an aromatic tetrabasic carboxylic acid dianhydride monomer. The diamine monomer comprises a diamine monomer containing pyrimidinyl and an aromatic diamine monomer. A polyimide, a polyimide film and a copper clad laminate using the polyamic acid are also provided.

A polyamic acid as a polymer of a dianhydride monomer and a diamine monomer is disclosed. The dianhydride monomer is an aromatic tetrabasic carboxylic acid dianhydride monomer. The diamine monomer comprises a diamine monomer containing pyrimidinyl and an aromatic diamine monomer. A polyimide, a polyimide film and a copper clad laminate using the polyamic acid are also provided.