A magnetic element includes a first magnetic column, a second magnetic column, a first winding wound around the first magnetic column, and a second winding wound around the second magnetic column. The first winding includes a first horizontal winding, a second horizontal winding, a first vertical winding, and a second vertical winding. The second winding includes a third horizontal winding, a fourth horizontal winding, a third vertical winding, and a fourth vertical winding. The first vertical winding and the third vertical winding are disposed on or in a first circuit board and a second circuit board respectively, the second vertical winding and the fourth vertical winding are disposed on or in a third circuit board. The first circuit board, the first magnetic column, the third circuit board, the second magnetic column, and the second circuit board are sequentially bonded to form a pre-package.

According to an aspect of the present disclosures, a method of making a flexible printed circuit board, which includes a base film having an insulating property, a conductive pattern disposed on either one or both surfaces of the base film, and a cover layer covering a conductive-pattern side of a laminated structure inclusive of the base film and the conductive pattern, includes a superimposing step of superimposing a cover film on the conductive-pattern side of the laminated structure, the cover film having a first resin layer and a second resin layer that is laminated to an inner side of the first resin layer and that softens at a lower temperature than does the first resin layer, and a pressure bonding step of vacuum bagging the laminated structure and the cover film at a temperature higher than a softening temperature of the second resin layer.

An adapter board is described having a substrate having a width, a length and a depth and at least one electrical component placed one of within the substrate and on a surface of the substrate. The adapter board may also have a first pad positioned on the substrate, the first pad connected to the at least one electrical component through a first via. The adapter board may also have a second pad positioned on the substrate, the second pad connected to the at least one electrical component through a second via, wherein at least a portion of the adapter board is configured through an additive manufacturing process and wherein the substrate is configured to be installed within a downhole tool.

A multilayer PCB structure includes a core layer, a first layer on a first surface of the core layer, a second layer on a second surface of the core layer, and a thermally conductive material in the core layer. The first surface and the second surface of the core layer are opposite to each other, and a window is formed on the second layer by removing part of the second layer. The window of the second layer exposes part of the core layer below the thermally conductive material.

A wiring substrate includes an insulating layer including resin and filler particles, conductor layers including an upper-layer conductor layer and a lower-layer conductor layer such that the insulating layer is sandwiched between the upper-layer and lower-layer conductor layers, and a penetrating conductor formed in the insulating layer such that the penetrating conductor is penetrating through the insulating layer and connecting the upper-layer and lower-layer conductor layers. The penetrating conductor is formed such that the penetrating conductor has a first length which is the maximum width of the penetrating conductor in the direction orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wiring substrate and the first length is 25 μm or less, and the insulating layer is formed such that the maximum particle size of the filler particles in a region within the distance of 40% of the first length from the penetrating conductor is 20% or less of the first length.

A land grid array (LGA) land pad having reduced capacitance is disclosed. The conductive portion of a land pad that overlaps a parallel ground plane within the substrate is reduced by one or more non-conductive voids though the thickness of the conductive portion of the land pad. The voids may allow the contact area of the land pad, as defined by the perimeter of the land pad, to remain the same while reducing the conductive portion that overlaps the parallel ground plane. Capacitance between the land pad and the parallel ground plane is reduced by an amount proportional to the reduction in overlapping conductive area.

A land grid array (LGA) land pad having reduced capacitance is disclosed. The conductive portion of a land pad that overlaps a parallel ground plane within the substrate is reduced by one or more non-conductive voids though the thickness of the conductive portion of the land pad. The voids may allow the contact area of the land pad, as defined by the perimeter of the land pad, to remain the same while reducing the conductive portion that overlaps the parallel ground plane. Capacitance between the land pad and the parallel ground plane is reduced by an amount proportional to the reduction in overlapping conductive area.

Electromagnetic shields for electronic devices, and particularly electromagnetic shields with bonding wires for sub-modules of electronic devices are disclosed. Electronic modules are disclosed that include multiple sub-modules arranged on a substrate with an electromagnetic shield arranged on or over the sub-modules. Bonding wires are disclosed that form one or more bonding wire walls along the substrate. The one or more bonding wire walls may be located between sub-modules of a module and about peripheral boundaries of the module. The electromagnetic shield may be electrically coupled to ground by way of the one or more bonding wire walls. Portions of the electromagnetic shield and the one or more bonding wire walls may form divider walls that are configured to reduce electromagnetic interference between the sub-modules or from external sources.

A method may include receiving a first and a second complementary signal to provide differential signaling. The method may further include providing a first conductor trace to transport the first complementary signal; providing a second conductor trace to transport the second complementary signal, the second conductor trace immediately adjacent to the first conductor trace; providing a third conductor trace to transport the first complementary signal, the third conductor trace immediately adjacent to the second conductor trace; and providing a fourth conductor trace to transport the second complementary signal, the fourth conductor trace immediately adjacent to the third conductor trace.

A method may include receiving a first and a second complementary signal to provide differential signaling. The method may further include providing a first conductor trace to transport the first complementary signal; providing a second conductor trace to transport the second complementary signal, the second conductor trace immediately adjacent to the first conductor trace; providing a third conductor trace to transport the first complementary signal, the third conductor trace immediately adjacent to the second conductor trace; and providing a fourth conductor trace to transport the second complementary signal, the fourth conductor trace immediately adjacent to the third conductor trace.