The invention relates to an optoelectronic and/or photoelectrochemical device including a conductive support layer, n-type semiconductor, a sensitizer or light-absorber layer, a hole transporting layer, a spacer layer and a back contact, wherein the n-type semiconductor is in contact with the sensitizer or light-absorber layer, the sensitizer or light-absorber layer includes a perovskite or metal halide perovskite material, the hole transporting layer is in direct contact with the sensitizer or light-absorber layer and includes an inorganic hole transporting material or inorganic p-type semiconductor, the spacer layer is between the hole transporting layer and the back contact and includes a material being different from the inorganic hole transporting material and the material of the back contact.

A fused polycyclic aromatic compound represented by formula (1) is provided. In formula (1), one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is a substituent group represented by general formula (2). In formula (2), n is from 0 to 2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represent a divalent linking group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from an aromatic hydrocarbon compound or a divalent linking group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from a 6-membered or more heterocyclic compound containing a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, with a plurality of R.sub.4 groups able to be the same as or different from each other when n is 2, and R.sub.5 represents a residue obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an aromatic hydrocarbon compound or a residue obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a 6-membered or more heterocyclic compound containing a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

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The present invention relates to a structure of photodiode, which comprises a substrate, a first electrode, an electron transport layer, a photoactive layer, a filter layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode is disposed on the substrate. The electron transport layer is disposed on the first electrode. The photoactive layer is disposed on the electron transport layer. The photoactive layer has a first energy gap value. The filter layer is disposed on the photoactive layer and has a second energy gap value. The second electrode is disposed on the filter layer. The second energy gap value is greater than the first energy gap value. The ratio of the second energy gap value to the first energy gap value is an energy gap ratio. The energy gap ratio is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 3.

A repeat unit comprising

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In the repeat unit, X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, H, and combinations thereof. Additionally, in this monomer, R′ and R″ are independently selected from an alkyl group, an aryl group, or combinations thereof. Also, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are independently selected from unsubstituted or substituted branched alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms and unsubstituted or substituted linear alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms.

The present specification relates to a photoactive layer including: an electron donor; and an electron acceptor, in which the electron donor includes: a single molecular material; and a polymer material, and the single molecular material is represented by Formula 1, and an organic solar cell including the same.

A photoelectric conversion device includes: a substrate; a first photoelectric conversion element including a first substrate electrode, a first active layer and a first counter electrode; a second photoelectric conversion element including a second substrate electrode, a second active layer, and a second counter electrode; and a connection connecting the first counter electrode and the second substrate electrode. The second active layer is represented by a composition formula: A.sub.αBX.sub.χ, where A denotes at least one cation selected from monovalent cations, B denotes at least one cation selected from bivalent cations, and X denotes at least one ion selected from monovalent halogen ions; and the second active layer has a first and a second compound layer, the first compound layer containing a first compound satisfying 0.95≤α, and 2.95≤χ, and the second compound layer containing a second compound satisfying α<0.95, and χ<2.95.

Provided is an intrinsically stretchable organic solar cell, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electronic device comprising the same. The intrinsically stretchable organic solar cell of the present invention is characterized that wherein excellent interfacial bonding among stretchable constituent elements constituting each layer is induced so that the constituent elements are seamlessly integrated into a single system, thereby ensuring excellent initial power conversion efficiency (PCE), and mechanical robustness showing that 70% or more of initial PCE is maintained in spite of repetitive tensile strains. Thus, the organic solar cell is useful for an electronic device applied to any one selected from a group consisting of sensors, electronic skins, flexible displays, and stretchable displays.

Provided is an intrinsically stretchable organic solar cell, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electronic device comprising the same. The intrinsically stretchable organic solar cell of the present invention is characterized that wherein excellent interfacial bonding among stretchable constituent elements constituting each layer is induced so that the constituent elements are seamlessly integrated into a single system, thereby ensuring excellent initial power conversion efficiency (PCE), and mechanical robustness showing that 70% or more of initial PCE is maintained in spite of repetitive tensile strains. Thus, the organic solar cell is useful for an electronic device applied to any one selected from a group consisting of sensors, electronic skins, flexible displays, and stretchable displays.

The present invention relates to an electronic component comprising a cerium IV complex, a doped semi-conductor matrix material comprising the cerium IV complex and at least one electron donor, the use of the cerium IV complex, especially as an organic semi-conductor, as a dopant in organic semiconductor matrix materials and as a charge injector in a charge injection layer, and new cerium IV complexes.

The solar cell of the present disclosure includes a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, an intermediate layer, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode in this order, wherein the hole transport layer includes a hole transport material and an oxidant, the photoelectric conversion layer includes a perovskite compound containing iodine, and the intermediate layer includes at least one selected from the group consisting of bromide, chloride, and fluoride.