A photoelectric conversion device includes: a first carrier transport layer; a photoelectric conversion layer containing an ionic crystalline compound; and a polysiloxane layer between the first carrier transport layer and the photoelectric conversion layer, the polysiloxane layer containing a polysiloxane having a polar functional group R.sup.1.

A transparent photovoltaic cell and method of making are disclosed. The photovoltaic cell may include a transparent substrate and a first active material overlying the substrate. The first active material may have a first absorption peak at a wavelength greater than about 650 nanometers. A second active material is disposed overlying the substrate, the second active material having a second absorption peak at a wavelength outside of the visible light spectrum. The photovoltaic cell may also include a transparent cathode and a transparent anode.

A formulation for preparing organic electronic devices, has: a p-type organic semiconductor polymer including a conjugated aryl compound, a conjugated heteroaryl compound, or a mixture of at least two of these compounds; an n-type semiconductor material having fullerene, substituted fullerene, or a mixture of at least two of these compounds; and a non-aqueous solvent. The concentration of the p-type organic semiconductor polymer is in the range from 12 mg/mL to 17 mg/mL per milliliter of solvent and the concentration of the p-type organic semiconductor material is in the range from 24 mg/mL to 28 mg/mL per milliliter of solvent.

A formulation for preparing organic electronic devices, has: a p-type organic semiconductor polymer including a conjugated aryl polymer, a conjugated heteroaryl compound or a mixture of at least two of these compounds; an n-type semiconductor material including fullerene, substituted fullerene, or a mixture of at least two of these compounds; and a non-aqueous solvent. The concentration of the p-type organic semiconductor polymer is in the range from 8 mg/mL to 12 mg/mL per milliliter of solvent and the concentration of the p-type organic semiconductor material is in the range from 18 mg/mL to 22 mg/mL per milliliter of solvent.

A formulation for preparing organic electronic devices, has: a p-type organic semiconductor polymer including a conjugated aryl polymer, a conjugated heteroaryl compound, or a mixture of at least two of these compounds; an n-type semiconductor material including fullerene, substituted fullerene, or a mixture of at least two of these compounds; and a non-aqueous solvent. The concentration of the p-type organic semiconductor polymer is in the range from 4 mg/mL to 8 mg/mL per milliliter of solvent and the concentration of the p-type organic semiconductor material is in the range from 10 mg/mL to 14 mg/mL per milliliter of solvent.

Example embodiments generally relate to a detector for electromagnetic radiation such as a detector comprising a first, pixelated electrode layer comprising a plurality of electrode pixels, a first layer comprising a plurality of tiles comprising a material configured to absorb and convert the electromagnetic radiation, and a second electrode layer, as well as a method of producing a detector for electromagnetic radiation, comprising providing a first, pixelated electrode layer comprising a plurality of electrode pixels, applying a plurality of tiles comprising a material configured to absorb and convert the electromagnetic radiation on the first, pixelated electrode layer, and applying a second electrode layer on the first layer.

An electronic device includes a base layer and a display element layer including a pixel definition layer having an opening defined therethrough, a light emitting element, and a light receiving element. Each of the light emitting element and the light receiving element includes a first electrode, a hole transport region disposed on the first electrode, an electron transport region disposed on the hole transport region, and a second electrode disposed on the electron transport region. The light emitting element includes a light emitting layer disposed between the hole transport region and the electron transport region. The light receiving element includes a light receiving layer disposed between the hole transport region and the electron transport region and an electron extraction layer, including an n-dopant material, disposed between the light receiving layer and the electron transport region. The light receiving element converts a light incident thereto into an electrical signal.

A method of combining different materials to produce the polymer

##STR00001##

In this polymer X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, and X.sub.4 are independently selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, H, and combinations thereof. Additionally, in this polymer R.sub.15, R.sub.16, R.sub.17, and R.sub.18 are independently selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, H, and combinations thereof. Finally, in this polymer R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, and R.sub.8 are independently selected from unsubstituted branched alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms unsubstituted or substituted branched alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms and unsubstituted or substituted linear alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms.

A photoelectric conversion device includes: a substrate; a first photoelectric conversion element including a first substrate electrode, a first active layer and a first counter electrode; a second photoelectric conversion element including a second substrate electrode, a second active layer, and a second counter electrode; and a connection connecting the first counter electrode and the second substrate electrode. The second active layer is represented by a composition formula: A.sub.αBX.sub.χ, where A denotes at least one cation selected from monovalent cations, B denotes at least one cation selected from bivalent cations, and X denotes at least one ion selected from monovalent halogen ions; and the second active layer has a first and a second compound layer, the first compound layer containing a first compound satisfying 0.95≤α, and 2.95≤χ, and the second compound layer containing a second compound satisfying α<0.95, and χ<2.95.

A composite includes a polymer network including pectin or a pectin derivative; a low-molecular compound having a hydrophilic group in the polymer network; and a polyvalent metal ion coordinated with an anion present in the polymer chain of the polymer network.