The present invention relates to an inverted perovskite prepared by providing a surface-modified metal oxide nanoparticle as a coating agent for forming an electron transporting layer (or electron transport layer), and using the surface-modified metal oxide nanoparticle as a coating agent prepared in a dispersion type.

An optoelectronic component includes a photoactive layer which is arranged between an electrode and a counter electrode. In addition to a donor-acceptor system, the photoactive layer includes a third material which influences the crystallization of the donor-acceptor system. The third material selected from a group consisting of crown ethers, triphenyls, sorbitols, quinacridones and bis(4-(tert-butyl)benzoato-O) hydroxyaluminium. Crown ethers are especially preferred.

The present invention relates to an application liquid for forming a semiconductor film, the application liquid comprising: an inorganic semiconductor particle; and a compound having a relative permittivity of 2 or more or a compound having reducing power against the inorganic semiconductor particle; a method for producing a semiconductor film comprising a step of applying the application liquid; a semiconductor film and a semiconductor element comprising the semiconductor film; and a method for producing the semiconductor element.

Polymer comprising an indacen-4-one derivative, said polymer having general formula (IX), (X) or (XI):

##STR00001## in which: W and W.sub.1, Z and Y, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, are as described; D represents an electron-donor group; A represents an electron-acceptor group; n is an integer ranging from 10 to 500.

The application relates to organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites of formula (I): [(A).sub.1-2,48p-b(B).sub.3,48p+b].sub.(1+2p-y)/(1+p)(Pb).sub.1-p-m(M).sub.m(X.sup.1).sub.3-y-q(X.sup.2).sub.q (I), and perovskite photovoltaic cells comprising same.

The present invention provides a light-transmitting electrode which has high electrical conductivity and high electron blocking performance. The present invention also provides a solar cell which is capable of achieving high energy conversion efficiency at low cost. The present invention provides a method for producing a light-transmitting electrode that has a light-transmitting substrate, a carbon nanotube film which is formed directly or indirectly on the light-transmitting substrate, and a metal oxide film which is formed directly on the carbon nanotube film. This production method includes vapor depositing the metal oxide film, which contains oxygen and a metal element belonging to the group 4, 5 or 6 of the periodic table, on one surface or both surfaces of the carbon nanotube film. The present invention provides a light-transmitting electrode which includes a light-transmitting substrate and a conductive carbon nanotube film that is formed directly or indirectly on the light-transmitting substrate.

Tridentate cyclometalated complexes with rigid six-membered coordination rings of General Formula I having tunable emission wavelengths in the visible range. These emitters are suitable for full color displays and lighting applications. ##STR00001##

An organic photoelectric conversion device having an anode, a cathode, an active layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, and a hole injection layer disposed between the anode and the active layer, wherein the anode is an electrode containing an electrically conductive nanosubstance and the hole injection layer is a layer showing a of 80% or more in measurement of the residual film rate after a water rinse treatment.

A method for transferring an assembly of oriented nanowires from a fluid to a substrate surface, comprising: providing (FIG. 2A) a fluid to a container, said fluid comprising a first liquid (11), a second liquid (12) and a plurality of nanowires (25), wherein the first and second liquids phase separate into a sub phase, a top phase, and an interface (13) between the sub phase and the top phase; wherein the nanowires are functionalized to align vertically into a nanowire aggregate at the interface; wherein the fluid is provided with a substance in a composition configured to change the composition of the top phase or the composition of the sub phase to counteract bulging of the interface (FIG. 2B); and bringing the nanowire aggregate into contact with a substrate surface such that a majority of the nanowires are aligned with respect to each other on the substrate.

The present disclosure relates to devices that include a perovskite, where, when a first condition is met, at least a portion of the perovskite is in a first phase that substantially transmits light, when a second condition is met, at least a portion of the perovskite is in a second phase that substantially absorbs light, and the perovskite is reversibly switchable between the first phase and the second phase by reversibly switching between the first condition and the second condition.