A polymer solar cell includes an anode electrode, a photoactive layer, an insulating layer, a cathode electrode stacked on each other in that order. The photoactive layer includes a polymer layer and a plurality of carbon nanotubes dispersed in the polymer layer. Each of the plurality of carbon nanotubes includes a first end and a second end opposite to the first end, the first end passes through the insulating layer and is in direct contact with the cathode electrode, and the second end is embedded in the polymer layer.

Indacen-4-one derivative having general formula (I) in which: W and W.sub.1, which are the same or different, preferably the same, represent an oxygen atom; a sulfur atom; an NR.sub.3 group in which R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, or is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.2-C.sub.10, alkyl groups; Z and Y, which are the same or different, preferably the same, represent a nitrogen atom; or a CR.sub.4 group in which R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom, or is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.2-C.sub.10, alkyl groups, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.2-C.sub.10, alkoxyl groups, R.sub.5O[CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O].sub.n polyethyleneoxyl groups in which R.sub.5 is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.2-C.sub.10, alkyl groups, and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 4; R.sub.6OR.sub.7 groups in which R.sub.6 is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.2-C.sub.10, alkylene groups and R.sub.7 represents a hydrogen atom or is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.2-C.sub.10, alkyl groups, or is selected from R.sub.5[OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2].sub.n polyethyleneoxyl groups in which R.sub.5 has the same meanings as above reported and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, COR.sub.8 groups in which R.sub.8 is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.2-C.sub.10, alkyl groups, COOR.sub.9 groups in which R.sub.9 is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.2-C.sub.10, alkyl groups, or represent a CHO group, or a cyano group (CN); R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which are the same or different, preferably the same, are selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.10, preferably C.sub.2-C.sub.10, alkyl groups, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.2-C.sub.10, alkoxyl groups, R.sub.5O[CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O].sub.n polyethyleneoxyl groups in which R.sub.5 has the same meanings as above reported and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, R.sub.6OR.sub.7 groups in which R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 have the same meanings as above reported, COR.sub.8 groups in which R.sub.8 has the same meanings as above reported, COOR.sub.9 groups in which R.sub.9 has the same meanings as above reported, or represent a CHO group, or a cyano group (CN). Said indacen-4-one derivative may advantageously be used in the synthesis of electron-donor polymers, said po

Embodiments of the invention pertain to the use of alloyed semiconductor nanocrystals for use in solar cells. The use of alloyed semiconductor nanocrystals offers materials that have a flexible stoichiometry. The alloyed semiconductor may be a ternary semiconductor alloy, such as A.sub.xB.sub.1-xC or AB.sub.1-yC.sub.y, or a quaternary semiconductor alloy, such as A.sub.xB.sub.yC.sub.1-x-yD, A.sub.xB.sub.1-xC.sub.yD.sub.1-y or AB.sub.xC.sub.yD.sub.1-x-y (where A, B, C, and D are different elements). In general, alloys with more than four elements can be used as well, although it can be much harder to control the synthesis and quality of such materials. Embodiments of the invention pertain to solar cells having a layer incorporating two or more organic materials such that percolated paths for one or both molecular species are created. Specific embodiments of the invention pertain to a method for fabricating nanostructured bulk heterojunction that facilitates both efficient exciton diffusion and charge transport. Embodiments of the subject invention pertain to a solar cell having an architecture that allows for efficient harvesting of solar energy. The organic solar cell architecture can incorporate a host/guest (or matrix/dopant) material system that utilizes the long diffusion lengths for triplet excitons without compromising light absorption efficiency.

A compound and method of producing the compound of formula (I) that has high absorption in the short wavelength spectral region of visible light and is capable of being used for an organic electronic component.

At least one embodiment relates to a method for photolithographic patterning of an organic layer on a substrate. The method includes providing a water-soluble shielding layer over the organic layer. In addition, the method includes providing a photoresist layer on the water-soluble shielding layer. The method also includes photolithographic patterning of the photoresist layer to form a patterned photoresist layer. Further, the method includes etching the water-soluble shielding layer and the organic layer, using the patterned photoresist layer as a mask, to form a patterned water-soluble shielding layer and a patterned organic layer. Still further, the method includes removing the patterned water-soluble shielding layer. The method includes, before providing the water-soluble shielding layer, providing a hydrophobic protection layer having a hydrophobic upper surface on the organic layer.

The invention describes the use of polyphenols and polyamino derivatives adjacent to absorber layers on the basis of small molecules in organic optoelectronic components.

A method of making a perovskite layer includes providing a flexible substrate; providing a perovskite solution comprising an initial amount of solvent and perovskite precursor materials and a total solids concentration between 30 percent and 70 percent by weight of its saturation concentration; depositing the perovskite solution on the flexible substrate; removing a first portion of the solvent from the deposited perovskite solution and increasing the total solids concentration of the perovskite solution to at least 75 percent of its saturation concentration with a first drying step; and removing a second portion of the solvent from the deposited perovskite solution with a second drying step having a higher rate of solvent evaporation that causes saturation and a conversion reaction in the deposited perovskite solution resulting in perovskite crystal formation or formation of a perovskite intermediate phase, wherein the first drying step dwell time is at least 5 times longer than the second drying step dwell time.

A continuous inline method for production of photovoltaic devices at high speed includes: providing a substrate; depositing a first carrier transport solution layer with a first carrier transport deposition device to form a first carrier transport layer on the substrate; depositing a Perovskite solution comprising solvent and perovskite precursor materials with a Perovskite solution deposition device on the first carrier transport layer; drying the deposited Perovskite solution to form a Perovskite absorber layer; and depositing a second carrier transport solution with a second carrier transport deposition device to form a second carrier transport layer on the Perovskite absorber layer, wherein the deposited Perovskite solution is dried at least partially with a fast drying device which causes a conversion reaction and the Perovskite solution to change in optical density by at least a factor of 2 in less than 0.5 seconds after the fast drying device first acts on the Perovskite solution.

The present disclosure relates to devices that include a perovskite, where, when a first condition is met, at least a portion of the perovskite is in a first phase that substantially transmits light, when a second condition is met, at least a portion of the perovskite is in a second phase that substantially absorbs light, and the perovskite is reversibly switchable between the first phase and the second phase by reversibly switching between the first condition and the second condition.

Perovskite-based photoactive devices, such as solar cells, include an insulating tunneling layer inserted between the perovskite photoactive material and the electron collection layer to reduce charge recombination and concomitantly provide water resistant properties to the device.