A thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) material is provided. The TADF material has a form in which an electron donating group and an electron withdrawing group are connected to benzene and the electron withdrawing group is position in an ortho position to the electron donating group.

A method for producing an organic EL device having an anode, a cathode, at least one organic functional layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, and a sealing layer, comprising a step of forming the anode, a step of forming the cathode, a step of forming the at least one organic functional layer and a step of forming the sealing layer, wherein the average concentration: A (ppm) of a nitrogen oxide to which the organic EL device during production is exposed from initiation time of the step of forming the at least one organic functional layer until termination time of the step of forming the sealing layer and the exposure time thereof: B (sec) satisfy the formula (1-1):

0?A?B<12(1-1).

An organic electronic device provided with an organic electronic element on one surface of a substrate, wherein the substrate has a metal layer and an insulating layer overlaid on at least one face side of the metal layer, and the one face of the substrate does not have an irregularity peak having a K value of equal to or lower than ?0.07 as calculated by expression (1). In the expression (1), x represents an irregularity peak position when a line roughness analysis is conducted on a 10 ?m square on the one face of the substrate with an interval of 2.45 nm, f(x) represents a surface irregularity height (nm) at x, and dx represents an infinitesimal change in x. K=[f(x+dx)?2f(x)+f(x?dx)]/dx.sup.2 . . . (1)

The present invention provides an organic electroluminescent element which comprises: an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer interposed between the anode and the cathodes, wherein the organic layer comprises one or more types of layer from the group consisting of a hole-injection layer, hole-transport layer, light-emitting layer, lifetime enhancement layer, electron-transport layer, and electron-injection layer.

The present invention relates to thiadiazolopyridine polymers, their synthesis and their use. The present invention further relates to organic electronic devices comprising such thiadiazolopyridine polymers.

Provided are a display panel and a display apparatus. The display panel includes a substrate, a circuit structure layer, a light emitting structure layer and multiple transparent conductive layers. The transparent conductive layer is located between the circuit structure layer and the light emitting structure layer, and includes multiple first type conductive lines and multiple second type conductive lines. The portion of the first type conductive line extending along a first direction overlaps with an orthographic projection of the shield electrode on the substrate, and the portion of the second type conductive line extending along the first direction does not overlap with an orthographic projection of the shield electrode on the substrate.

Disclosed are azacarbene carbon free radical molecules including a structure of formula (I). T is a single bond, or a carbon atom, or a nitrogen atom, when T is a single bond, Ar.sup.3 does not exist. Also provided are formulations containing at least one azacarbene carbon free radical molecule, and at least one organic solvent. Further provided are organic electronic devices containing at least one azacarbene carbon free radical molecule.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a novel polycyclic compound employed in an organic layer of an organoelectro luminescent device, wherein the organoelectro luminescent device employing the compound according to the present invention has remarkably improved luminous efficiency and a long lifespan. According to the present invention, it is possible to implement a highly efficient and long-life organoelectro luminescent device that can be effectively applied to various display devices.

An optical film having high anti-glare properties and favorable fingerprints wiping off properties is provided. The optical film has a first surface, and a second surface which is a surface opposite to the first surface, wherein the optical film comprises an anti-reflection layer and an anti-glare layer in this order from the first surface to the second surface, the first surface has a profile of depressions and projections, the first surface has an arithmetic mean height Sa of 0.05 m or more specified in ISO 25178-2:2012, and the first surface satisfies the relation represented by the following Expression 1: SwVmp2.00 (Expression 1) wherein Sw represents a tilt angle (degrees) of 30 l pure water droplet flowing down on the first surface; and Vmp represents a value of a peak material volume (ml/m.sup.2) of the first surface specified in ISO 25178-2:2012.

Provided is an organic EL device having high efficiency and high driving stability while being driven at a low voltage. The organic electroluminescent device includes one or more light-emitting layers between an anode and a cathode opposite to each other. At least one of the light-emitting layers contains a host material and a light-emitting dopant, and (i) a first host formed of an indolocarbazole compound having one or two indolocarbazole rings, and (ii) a second host formed of a carbazole compound having a plurality of carbazole rings and having a bond structure represented by the following general formula (3) are used as the host material.