A light emitting device including a first electrode and a second electrode, and an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including quantum dots, a first charge auxiliary layer disposed between the emission layer and the first electrode, and a second charge auxiliary layer disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the emission layer comprises a first emission layer contacting the first charge auxiliary layer, a second emission layer disposed on the first emission layer, and a third emission layer disposed on the second emission layer. The hole mobility of the first emission layer decreases sequentially from the first emission layer to the third emission layer.

Provided are a compound capable of more improving the performance of organic EL devices, an organic electroluminescent device having a more improved device performance, and an electronic device including such an organic electroluminescent device; precisely, a compound represented by the following formula (1) wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, L, R.sup.1 to R.sup.3, R.sup.5 to R.sup.8, R.sup.11 to R.sup.13, R.sup.15 to R.sup.18, R.sup.21 to R.sup.24, and R.sup.25 to R.sup.28 are as defined in the description, an organic electroluminescent device containing the compound, and an electronic device including such an organic electroluminescent device.

The present disclosure provides a quantum dot (QD) light emitting diode including: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; a QD emitting material layer positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a QD and an organic material; a hole auxiliary layer positioned between the first electrode and the QD emitting material layer; and an electron auxiliary layer positioned between the QD emitting material layer and the second electrode, wherein the organic material has a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level higher than a material of the hole auxiliary layer.

A light emitting diode of an embodiment includes a first electrode, a hole transport region disposed on the first electrode, an emission layer disposed on the hole transport region, an electron transport region disposed on the emission layer, and a second electrode disposed on the electron transport region. The hole transport region includes a first hole transport layer disposed adjacent to the first electrode and having a first refractive index, a second hole transport layer disposed adjacent to the emission layer and having a second refractive index, and a third hole transport layer disposed between the first hole transport layer and the second hole transport layer and having a third refractive index which is greater than each of the first refractive index and the second refractive index, thereby showing high light extraction efficiency and high emission efficiency properties.

A light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an activation layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode and includes an emission layer and an auxiliary layer, wherein the auxiliary layer is located between the first electrode and the emission layer and includes a block copolymer, the block copolymer includes at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block, and the emission layer includes a perovskite structure.

An apparatus for determining a characteristic of a photoluminescent (PL) layer comprises: a light source that generates an excitation light that includes light from the visible or near-visible spectrum; an optical assembly configured to direct the excitation light onto a PL layer; a detector that is configured to receive a PL emission generated by the PL layer in response to the excitation light interacting with the PL layer and generate a signal based on the PL emission; and a computing device coupled to the detector and configured to receive the signal from the detector and determine a characteristic of the PL layer based on the signal.

An organic light-emitting device including: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; a first emission unit and a second emission unit between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a first charge generation layer between the first emission unit and the second emission unit; wherein the first emission unit includes a first emission layer and a first inorganic buffer layer, and the second emission unit includes a second emission layer and a second inorganic buffer layer.

The present disclosure relates to a display panel (10) and a method of manufacturing the same. The display panel (10) includes a substrate (101), a number of light transmissive units (320), and an package layer (600). The substrate (101) has a light transmissive region (700) and a pixel display region (800). The light transmissive region (700) and the pixel display region (800) are complementarily disposed with respect to the substrate (101). The plurality of light transmissive units (320) are disposed in the light transmissive region (700) and overlay a surface of the substrate (101) within the light transmissive region (700). The package layer (600) overlays a surface of a number of light transmissive units (320). In the present disclosure, the substrate (101) has a different structure in the light transmissive region (700) and the pixel display region (800).

The present invention includes novel organic materials comprising indolo[2,3-c]carbazole linked to an aromatic heterocycle via a carbazole linker. These materials may be useful as host materials for PHOLED devices.

The present disclosure provides an OLED display device, a display panel and a manufacturing method of the OLED display device, and belongs to the field of display technology. The OLED display device includes a light-emitting layer, a material of the light-emitting layer includes a host light-emitting material and a carrier balance material doped in the host light-emitting material; and the carrier balance material is used for balancing an electron mobility and a hole mobility of the light-emitting layer.