The present disclosure pertains to the field of carbon nanotube technologies, and provides a carbon nanotube semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method of a carbon nanotube semiconductor device provided in the present disclosure comprises: forming a carbon nanotube layer with a carbon nanotube solution; and treating the carbon nanotube layer with an acidic solution. The carbon nanotube semiconductor device manufactured by the method of the present disclosure has good performance uniformity.

An iridium complex is disclosed. The iridium complex with tetra(4-fluorophenyl) phosphorane as an auxiliary ligand, the series of iridium complex takes any one of 2-(4,6-bi trifluoromethyl)pyridine, 2-(4,6-bi trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine, 2-(4,6-bi trifluoromethyl)pyrazinyl and 2-(4,6-bi trifluoromethyl) triazine derivatives as primary ligands in its molecule. The new type of iridium complex covered by the present invention has not only such advantages as high luminous efficiency, high electron mobility, stable chemical property, easy for distillation and purification but also good performance of devices. By modifying the molecular structure of the primary ligands, it allows to adjust the luminous intensity and efficiency of the complex, thus facilitating the design and production of organic light-emitting diode and illumination source.

A method for manufacturing a display device includes a first step of placing a substrate having a lower electrode formed thereon in a vacuum environment; a second step of forming in a vacuum an organic layer that includes a light emitting layer and covers the lower electrode; a third step of forming in a vacuum an upper electrode that covers the organic layer; a fourth step of forming in a vacuum a sealing layer that covers the upper electrode; and a cleaning step of cleaning the substrate after end of the first step before end of the fourth step.

The present invention provides an organic photoelectric conversion material such that an increase in the solution viscosity can be suppressed even after long-term storage. This organic photoelectric conversion material comprises Pd, wherein the average number of Pd clusters in a scanning transmission electron microscopic image of a thin film made of the organic photoelectric conversion material is 1500 counts/μm.sup.3 or less. It is preferable that the Pd clusters each have a particle diameter of from 1 nm to 20 nm. It is preferable that the organic photoelectric conversion material is a polymer for organic photoelectric conversion material; and it is more preferable that the polymer for organic photoelectric conversion material is a D-A type n-conjugated polymer. It is preferable that the polymer for organic photoelectric conversion material has a thiophene ring.

A sublimation purification apparatus that includes a vacuum chamber; a tube housing positioned in the vacuum chamber; a boat in close contact with the tube housing; and heating units positioned adjacent to an outer surface of the boat and an outer surface of the tube housing, respectively, wherein a sublimation purification target material is contained in the boat, and at least one of the boat and the tube housing is formed of a metal.

The present invention relates to a process for producing a layer of a crystalline material, which process comprises disposing on a substrate: a first precursor compound comprising a first cation and a sacrificial anion, which first cation is a metal or metalloid cation and which sacrificial anion comprises two or more atoms; and a second precursor compound comprising a second anion and a second cation, which second cation can together with the sacrificial anion form a first volatile compound. The invention also relates to a layer of a crystalline material obtainable by a process according to the invention. The invention also provides a process for producing a semiconductor device comprising a process for producing a layer of a crystalline material according to the invention. The invention also provides a composition comprising: (a) a solvent; (b) NH.sub.4X; (c) AX; and (d) BY.sub.2 or MY.sub.4; wherein X, A, M and Y are as defined herein.

Detectors and methods of forming the same include aligning a semiconducting carbon nanotubes on a substrate in parallel to form a nanotube layer. The aligned semiconducting carbon nanotubes in the nanotube layer are cut to a uniform length corresponding to a detection frequency. Metal contacts are formed at opposite ends of the nanotube layer.

A photoelectric conversion element including: a first electrode having a photosensitive layer including a light absorber on a conductive support; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and a hole transport layer provided between the first and the second electrodes, in which the light absorber includes a compound having a perovskite-type crystal structure having a cation of Group 1 element of the periodic table or a cationic organic group A, a cation of a metallic atom M that is not Group 1 element of the periodic table, and an anion of an anionic atom X, and an organic solvent content per cubic millimeter of the hole transport layer is 1×10.sup.−10 to 1×10.sup.−7 mol, a solar cell using this photoelectric conversion element, and a method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element including a step of applying a hole-transporting material solution and drying the solution at 40° C. to 180° C.

The present invention provides a green light thermal activation delayed fluorescent material, a synthesizing method thereof, and an electroluminescent device. The green light thermal activation delayed fluorescent material is a target compound having a molecular structure of D-A and synthesized by a reaction of an electron donor and an electron acceptor, wherein the electron acceptor being a planar electron acceptor in an ultra-low triplet energy state, and a triplet energy state of the target compound ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 eV. The method for synthesizing a green light thermal activation delayed fluorescent material includes the following steps: a reaction solution preparation step; a target compound synthesis step; an extraction step; and a target compound purification step. The electroluminescent device includes: a substrate layer; a hole transporting and injecting layer; a light emitting layer; an electron transporting layer; and a cathode layer.

The present invention relates to processes for separating mixtures containing enantiomers of metal complexes with aromatic and/or heteroaromatic ligands, to metal complexes and to electronic devices, especially organic electroluminescent devices, comprising these metal complexes.