Provided is a light emitting diode (LED) and a multi-stacked LED including a charge generation junction (CGJ) layer, and a manufacturing method thereof. An LED including an anode, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and a cathode, includes a CGJ layer in a layer-by-layer structure in which an n-type oxide and a p-type oxide formed on at least one surface of the light emitting layer are sequentially stacked. Here, the n-type oxide includes zinc oxide (ZnO) and the p-type oxide is represented by the following Formula: Cu.sub.2Sn.sub.2-XS.sub.3—(Ga.sub.X).sub.2O.sub.3. Here, 0.2<x<1.5.

The present specification relates to a coating composition comprising a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1; and an ionic compound comprising an anion group represented by Chemical Formula 10, an organic light emitting device using the same, and a method for manufacturing the same.

This method for producing a charge transporting thin film, wherein a charge transporting varnish containing a charge transporting substance, an electron accepting dopant substance containing at least one substance selected from among naphthalene sulfonates and benzene sulfonates, and an organic solvent is applied onto a substrate and is subsequently heated at 100-180° C. so that the organic solvent is evaporated therefrom, is capable of efficiently producing a charge transporting thin film which is able to be used as a hole collecting layer that enables the achievement of an organic photoelectric conversion element having high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

A display panel, a manufacturing method thereof and a display device are provided. The display panel includes a base substrate, a pixel definition layer, a light emitting layer and a spacer. The pixel definition layer is configured to define each of subpixels in the display panel and includes a groove structure which is disposed between adjacent subpixels, the spacer is disposed in the groove structure, the light emitting layer is disposed on a side of the pixel definition layer and the spacer away from the base substrate, and a thermal expansion efficient of the spacer is greater than a thermal expansion efficient of the light emitting layer.

The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of fabricating a display backplate. The method of fabricating the display backplate may include forming a channel layer on a surface of a substrate. The channel layer may include a liquid storage portion, a plurality of pixel channels, and a plurality of moving electrodes. Each of the plurality of pixel channels may include a plurality of sub-pixel grooves. The method of fabricating the display backplate may further include printing ink droplets into the liquid storage portion and moving the ink droplets into the plurality of sub-pixel grooves by applying a moving voltage to the moving electrodes.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a large-area heater. The large-area heater comprises: a heating plate including a central area in which heat is concentrated and a peripheral area surrounding the central area; and a plurality of unit heaters for heating at least a part of the central area and at least a part of the peripheral area, wherein each of the plurality of unit heaters comprises: a plurality of heat emitting areas producing different amounts of heat; a plurality of power wires for independently transmitting power to the plurality of heating areas, respectively; and pairs of power terminals which are arranged at the corner of each of the unit heaters so as to supply power to the plurality of power wires, the number of pairs of power terminals corresponding to the number of the plurality of heat emitting areas.

Disclosed herein are methods of annealing a perovskite layer, comprising irradiating the perovskite layer with a light source, wherein the light source emits radiation consisting essentially of wavelengths within 50 nm of the wavelength of maximum absorbance (λ.sub.max) of the perovskite layer, thereby annealing the perovskite layer. Also disclosed herein are semiconducting devices and articles of manufacture comprising an annealed perovskite layer made by any of the methods described herein, such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, thin-film transistors, and combinations thereof.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display panel having a non-rectangular display region. The display panel includes a substrate, a pixel definition layer, a first organic material layer, and a second organic material layer. The pixel definition layer is disposed on the substrate, and defines a first pixel area and a second pixel area on the substrate. The first organic material layer is disposed in the first pixel area and has a first light-emitting region. The second organic material layer is disposed in the second pixel area and has a second light-emitting region. The first organic material layer and the second organic material layer have the same material and the same vertical projection area on the substrate, and the vertical projection area of the first light-emitting region on the substrate is smaller than the vertical projection area of the second light-emitting region on the substrate.

A method of forming a layer from ink on a substrate, includes the steps of: depositing an ink volume with a slot-die coating device; first drying; and second drying.

A photoelectric conversion film according to the present disclosure includes a perovskite compound including a monovalent formamidinium cation, a Pb cation and an iodide ion, and a substance having Hansen solubility parameters satisfying a dispersion term δ.sub.D of 20±0.5 MPa.sup.0.5, a polar term δ.sub.P of 18±1 MPa.sup.0.5 and a hydrogen bonding term δ.sub.H of 11±2 MPa.sup.0.5.