A novel compound is disclosed which includes a ligand L.sub.A of Formula II, ##STR00001##
wherein: ring B is independently a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; X.sup.1 to X.sup.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, and CR; at least one pair of adjacent X.sup.1 to X.sup.4 are each C and fused to Formula V ##STR00002##
where indicated by “”; X.sup.5 to X.sup.12 are each independently C or N; the maximum number of N within a ring is two; Z and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR′, CR′R″, SiR′R″, and GeR′R″; R.sup.B and R.sup.C each independently represents zero, mono, or up to a maximum allowed substitutions to its associated ring; each of R.sup.B, R.sup.C, R, R′, and R″ is independently hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, boryl, and combinations thereof; and two substituents can be joined or fused to form a ring; the ligand L.sub.A is complexed to a metal M through the two indicated dash lines of each Formula; and the ligand L.sub.A can be joined with other ligands to form a tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, or hexadentate ligand.

A compound having the formula Ir(L.sub.A).sub.n(L.sub.B).sub.3-n, having the structure ##STR00001##
of Formula I is provided. In the structure of Formula I, each of A.sup.1 through A.sup.8 is independently carbon or nitrogen; at least one of A.sup.1 through A.sup.8 is nitrogen; ring B is bonded to ring A through a C—C bond; the iridium is bonded to ring A through an Ir—C bond; X is O, S, or Se; each of R.sup.1 through R.sup.5 are independently selected from a variety of substituents, which may be linked for form a ring; n is an integer from 1 to 3; and at least one R.sup.2 adjacent to ring C is not hydrogen. Formulations and devices, such as OLEDs, that include the first compound are also provided.

To provide an organic electroluminescent device in which energy efficiency is improved. An organic electroluminescent device includes a pair of electrode layers formed of an anode layer and a cathode layer, and a luminescent layer arranged between the pair of electrode layers, in which the luminescent layer includes a host material and a dopant material, and the dopant material is an anthracene-based compound represented by formula (1), and the luminescent layer further includes a polycyclic aromatic compound represented by formula (2) or a multimer of a polycyclic aromatic compound having a plurality of structures represented by formula (2). ##STR00001##

A compound having the formula (L.sub.A).sub.mIr(L.sub.B).sub.3-m, where L.sub.A is

##STR00001##

and L.sub.B is

##STR00002##

is disclosed. In the formula (L.sub.A).sub.mIr(L.sub.B).sub.3-m, L.sub.A and L.sub.B are different; each of X.sup.1 to X.sup.5 is C—R.sub.F or nitrogen; X is selected from O, S, and Se; each R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sub.B, R.sub.D, and R.sub.F is hydrogen or a substituent; R.sup.3 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, or a combination thereof; and m is 1 or 2. OLEDs, consumer products, and formulations including the compound are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to an organic electronic device comprising a semiconductor layer which comprises a compound of formula (1).

The present invention provides a light absorption layer for forming a photoelectric conversion element and a solar cell excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency, a photoelectric conversion element and a solar cell having the light absorption layer, and a method for manufacturing a light absorption layer having few voids. The light absorption layer of the present invention contains a perovskite compound and a quantum dot containing an aliphatic amino acid.

A light emitting device, a method of manufacturing the same, and a display device including the same are disclosed. The light emitting device including a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other, an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the emission layer including quantum dots, and a charge auxiliary layer disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the emission layer includes a first surface facing the charge auxiliary layer and an opposite second surface, the quantum dots include a first organic ligand on a surface of the quantum dots, in the emission layer, an amount of the first organic ligand in a portion adjacent to the first surface is larger than an amount of the first organic ligand in a portion adjacent to the second surface.

A quantum dot composition of an embodiment includes: a quantum dot; a ligand combined with a surface of the quantum dot; and a ligand scavenger having a nucleophilic reaction group.

There is provided a photoelectric conversion film including a quinacridone derivative represented by the following General formula and a subphthalocyanine derivative represented by the following General formula.

Disclosed are a method of manufacturing a microstructure array that includes preparing a mold having a concave micro pattern array in which a plurality of concave micro patterns are arranged, preparing a perovskite precursor solution including a perovskite precursor and a hydrophilic polymer, coating the perovskite precursor solution on a substrate, disposing the mold on the perovskite precursor solution to confine the perovskite precursor solution in the plurality of concave micro patterns, obtaining a composite of perovskite nanocrystals and the hydrophilic polymer from the perovskite precursor solution in the plurality of concave micro patterns, and, and removing the mold to form a microstructure array in which a plurality of microstructures including a composite of the perovskite nanocrystals and the hydrophilic polymer are arranged, a microstructure array, a micro light emitting diode including the same, and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device.