Provided is a method of producing a high-quality film having a thin film and high uniformity in film thickness or the like. The method of producing a film includes supplying a raw material solution containing a solvent and a material that forms a film onto a substrate and drying the solvent to form the film on the substrate. A coating blade holding the raw material solution on the substrate is used, and the coating blade has a facing surface which faces a surface of the substrate and at least one side surface which is provided in the periphery of the facing surface and is in contact with the raw material solution. The solvent of the raw material solution is dried along a specific direction to form the film.

Disclosed herein is a light emitting device and method of manufacturing such a device comprised of a series of photopolymerizable, chiral liquid crystalline layers that can be solvent cast on a substrate. The mixture of chiral materials in each successive layer may be blended in such a way that each layer has the same chiral pitch. Further the chiral materials in each layer may also be blended so that the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices in each layer match the other layers such that the complete assembly of layers will optically function as a single relatively thick layer of chiral liquid crystal. The chiral nematic material in each layer can spontaneously adopt a helical structure with a helical pitch. The light emitting layers of the light emitting device can further comprise electroluminescent material that emits light into the band edge light propagation modes of the photonic crystal.

A side-chain liquid crystal polymer includes two or more kinds of constitutional units represented by the following general formula (I) and a liquid crystal constitutional unit which contains a side chain including a liquid crystal moiety. The two or more kinds of constitutional units represented by the general formula (I) include a constitutional unit (a) represented by the general formula (I) and a constitutional unit (b) which is represented by the general formula (I) and is different from the constitutional unit (a) in carbon atom number of a linking group represented by L.sup.1 or L.sup.1. Each of the symbols in the general formula (I) is as described in the DESCRIPTION.

A display may include an optical film to promote sunglass-friendly viewing of the display. Displays may include linear polarizers. For example, a liquid crystal display may have a linear polarizer above a liquid crystal layer, whereas an organic light-emitting diode display may have a linear polarizer that forms a portion of a circular polarizer to reduce reflections in the display. Displays that emit linearly polarized light may not be compatible with polarized sunglasses. To ensure an optimal user experience for users wearing sunglasses, displays may include sunglass-friendly optical films. A sunglass-friendly optical film may be a film formed from a birefringent material such as a polymer or liquid crystal. The sunglass-friendly optical film may have an optical axis that is at a 45? angle relative to the optical axis of the underlying linear polarizer. The sunglass-friendly optical film may be patterned to have reduced thickness regions.

An object of the invention is to provide a coloring composition with which a light absorption anisotropic film having excellent light resistance can be formed, a light absorption anisotropic film, a laminate, and an image display device. A coloring composition according to the invention contains a dichroic dye compound having an azo group; and an oxidant or a singlet oxygen quencher.

The present embodiments provide a photoelectric conversion device having a laminate structure of a substrate, a transparent electrode, an active layer, and a counter electrode, stacked in this order. In the device, a cavity is provided on the counter electrode-side. The cavity penetrates through the counter electrode and has an opening area larger in the counter electrode than in the active layer.

The present invention provides an organic thin film and an organic transistor having high performance stability and mobility. Specifically, there are provided an organic thin film including a compound containing a charge transporting molecular unit A having a structure of an aromatic fused ring system and a unit B serving as a side chain, the compound having a bilayer structure; an organic semiconductor device including the organic thin film; and an organic transistor including the organic thin film used as an organic semiconductor layer.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic semiconductor material having liquid crystallinity and high electron mobility. The present invention is an organic semiconductor material having at least a charge-transporting molecular unit (A) having a structure of an aromatic fused ring system and a cyclic structural unit (B) bonded to the aforementioned unit via a single bond, wherein the unit (A) and/or the unit (B) has a side chain composed of a unit (C), and wherein the organic semiconductor material exhibits a liquid crystal phase that is different from an N-phase, an SmA-phase or an SmC-phase.

Compounds of the formula D-S.sup.1-A-S.sup.2B.sup.1 wherein A comprises a 2,7-disubstituted 9,9-fluoroalkyl fluorene diradical of the formula

##STR00001## wherein S.sup.1, S.sup.2, D and B.sup.1 have meanings given in the description that are useful as charge transport and emissive materials for the fabrication of electronic devices such as diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic devices.

The disclosure, which relates to a display device is created so that it can be integrated in a surface, providing in particular a seamless extension and an integrated appearance between the surface surrounding the display device and the display device itself and thus appears to the viewer of the display device as being part of a surface.