A phacoemulsification system includes a phacoemulsification probe with a distal end for insertion into an eye of a patient, an irrigation pump, an aspiration pump, and a processor. The probe includes an irrigation channel, an aspiration channel, an irrigation sensor, and an aspiration sensor. The irrigation pump is configured to flow irrigation fluid to the irrigation channel. The aspiration pump is configured to evacuate material from the aspiration channel. The processor is configured to detect a clogging of the aspiration channel using the aspiration sensor, to estimate an intra-ocular pressure (IOP) of the eye using the irrigation sensor, to set a reflux pressure for the aspiration pump depending on the estimated IOP, and to repel the clogging by controlling the aspiration pump to apply the reflux pressure.

An active irrigation system for controlling delivery of irrigation fluid to a surgical site includes a chamber having at least one fluid port for introducing an irrigation fluid from a fluid source into the chamber and delivering the irrigation fluid to a surgical site. A variable pressure source is provided in fluid communication with the chamber and is configured to pressurize the chamber. A pressure sensor also in fluid communication with the chamber monitors the pressure within the chamber and a controller adjusts the variable pressure source to maintain the desired irrigation pressure within the chamber.

The invention relates to an ophthalmic pressure control system, comprising: a pressure regulator having an input port and an output port, and an infusion line having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end being connected to the output port of the pressure regulator, and the distal end being detachably connected to an ophthalmic irrigation module. Further, the system includes a control unit driving the pressure regulator for controlling an infusion fluid pressure at a distal end of the ophthalmic irrigation module. The control unit is arranged for performing a fluid calibration process including a step of determining a fluid impedance of the ophthalmic irrigation module. The infusion line is associated with a kit of parts including a first and a second ophthalmic irrigation device, or the ophthalmic irrigation module is an ophthalmic irrigation device for surgical use.

Sampling systems and methods for non-invasive sampling of inner-colonic microbiome and its potential derivatives are provided. The sampling systems may operate in fluid communication with a large intestine cleansing system and comprise an electromechanical sampling device configured to collect at least a part of large intestine contents drained by the cleansing system. The electromechanical sampling device may comprise a collection unit configured to collect at least one sample from the contents, and an electromechanical robotic unit configured to move the collection unit to and from a sampling position and to manipulate the collection unit into a respective casing, to deposit the sample(s). Sampling methods may comprise optically monitoring drained contents of the large intestine, characterizing the optically-monitored (and possibly spectrally analyzed) drained contents to determine sampling times, and sampling the drained contents according to the characterization.

Disclosed is a method for determining and controlling the internal body pressure during a medical procedure that includes controlling the output of a fluid pump by means of an estimated pressure value, wherein resistance coefficients ζ.sub.1 and ζ.sub.2 of a medical instrument required for the estimation of the pressure value are determined by evaluating a pressure behavior during pump start up.

Systems and methods for cleaning a colon or other portion of an intestine include optional use of sensors to detect conditions of blockage of flow of materials within an evacuation channel used to remove fecal material from the body; and devices and methods for purging such blockages from the evacuation channel.

A pneumatic cross-connect proportional valve provides the capability to calibrate pressure and vacuum sensors in a surgical cassette associated with a surgical console. Calibration of non-invasive pressure and vacuum sensors in a cassette by utilizing a proportional cross-connect to pressurize the lines with set pressure or vacuum the lines with set vacuum and measure the response of respective sensors in the cassette. The use of proportional pressure may be used along with other clearing methods to clear material clogging the aspiration channel pathways and tubing of the surgical system. Utilize the cross-connect functionality to more rapidly pressurize the aspiration line upon detection or prediction of a post occlusion surge, thereby reducing the pressure difference between the surgical field, the eye chamber, and aspiration line which may prevent, for example, a surge of fluid out of the anterior chamber of the eye.

A fluid infusion system includes an air pump connected to an accumulator tank to produce pressurized air that is stored in the accumulator tank. The system can include one or more fluid bag chambers wherein each fluid bag chamber includes an inflatable bladder positioned inside the fluid bag chamber to apply pressure on the fluid bag supported inside the chamber. The fluid bag can be connected by a tube set to deliver fluid from the fluid bag to a surgical tool at a surgical site. The fluid can, for example, be irrigation fluid or distention fluid. The system can include a controller connected to the pump to control the pump to produce the pressurized air and an adjustable pressure regulator can be connected between the accumulator tank and the inflatable bladder to control the pressure of air delivered to the inflatable bladder and the pressure that the fluid is delivered to the surgical tool. A pressure sensor can be connected between the adjustable pressure regulator and the inflatable bladder to measure the air pressure delivered to the inflatable bladder and send the air pressure measurements to the controller. The controller can configure the system display to show the air pressure measured by the pressure sensor.

A fluid management system for use in a tissue resection procedure includes a controller. An inflow pump is operated by the controller and configured to provide fluid inflow through a flow path to a site in patient's body. An outflow pump is operated by the controller and configured to provide fluid outflow through a flow path from the site in patient's body. A motor driven resecting device may be provided for resecting tissue at the site. The controller is configured to actuate an inflow pump and an outflow pump in response to various signals and various algorithms are provided to provide malfunction warnings and assure safe operation.

A medical apparatus for supplying fluids into body cavities includes a controllable fluid pump, a memory device, a feed line, a pressure sensor in the feed line, a medical instrument to be connected to the feed line. The pressure measured by the pressure sensor is an input variable of a mathematical estimation system, which mathematically describes a state space, which estimates the actual pressure in the body cavity and controls the output of the pump by means of this estimated value. The resistance coefficients ζ1 and ζ2 of the medical instrument required for the estimation of the pressure are determined when starting the pump. The pressure behavior is evaluated for a certain time, therefrom a characteristic curve is determined, and the characteristic curve is stored in a memory device of the pump.