For a carrier plate, it is proposed to brace a first ceramic functional layer over a connecting layer (VS) with a ceramic stressing layer (SPS) in order to reduce the lateral sintering shrinkage. The functional layer (FS) and the stressing layer (SPS) are glass-free or have only a small glass content of less than 5 wt %, whereas the connecting layer (VS) comprises a glass component or is a glass layer.

A porous carbon has an I.sub.D/I.sub.G of 2.0 or more in a Raman spectrum measured by Raman spectroscopy with respect to the porous carbon wherein the I.sub.G is an accumulated intensity of a peak for G band around 1590 cm.sup.−1, and the I.sub.D is an accumulated intensity of a peak for D band around 1350 cm.sup.−1. The porous carbon has pores having a size of less than 1 μm. The porous carbon can be contained in a resin composition for producing a varistor element.

A porous carbon has an I.sub.D/I.sub.G of 2.0 or more in a Raman spectrum measured by Raman spectroscopy with respect to the porous carbon wherein the I.sub.G is an accumulated intensity of a peak for G band around 1590 cm.sup.−1, and the I.sub.D is an accumulated intensity of a peak for D band around 1350 cm.sup.−1. The porous carbon has pores having a size of less than 1 μm. The porous carbon can be contained in a resin composition for producing a varistor element.

Provided are a resin composition for forming a varistor and a varistor capable of increasing freedom in the design of substrates, ICs, or electronics. The resin composition for forming a varistor includes (A) an epoxy resin, (B) a curing agent, (C) carbon nanotubes, and (D) a dispersant. The (C) carbon nanotubes may be single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, or a combination thereof. The (D) dispersant includes a polyalkyl oxide surfactant. The polyalkyl oxide surfactant has a polyalkyl ether skeleton in the molecule.

Provided according to embodiments of the invention are varistor ceramic formulations that include zinc oxide (ZnO). In particular, varistor ceramic formulations of the invention may include dopants including an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth compound, an oxide of boron, an oxide of aluminum, or a combination thereof. Varistor ceramic formulations may also include other metal oxides. Also provided according to embodiments of the invention are varistor ceramic materials formed by sintering a varistor ceramic formulation according to an embodiment of the invention. Further provided are varistors formed from such ceramic materials and methods of making such materials.

The present invention relates to a polymer voltage-dependent resistor (PVDR) in various physical forms and methods for manufacturing the varistor. The body of the PVDR is composed of a polymer matrix having a filler composed of doped zinc oxide particles, other semi conductive particles or metal particles uniformly distributed therein. Conductive electrodes may be affixed to the polymer matrix and electrical leads attached to the electrodes.

Provided according to embodiments of the invention are varistor ceramic formulations that include zinc oxide (ZnO). In particular, varistor ceramic formulations of the invention may include dopants including an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth compound, an oxide of boron, an oxide of aluminum, or a combination thereof. Varistor ceramic formulations may also include other metal oxides. Also provided according to embodiments of the invention are varistor ceramic materials formed by sintering a varistor ceramic formulation according to an embodiment of the invention. Further provided are varistors formed from such ceramic materials and methods of making such materials.

The present invention relates to a polymer voltage-dependent resistor (PVDR) in various physical forms and methods for manufacturing the varistor. The body of the PVDR is composed of a polymer matrix having a filler composed of doped zinc oxide particles, other semi conductive particles or metal particles uniformly distributed therein. Conductive electrodes may be affixed to the polymer matrix and electrical leads attached to the electrodes.

An object is to provide a laminated varistor excellent in clamping voltage ratio. Laminated varistor includes at least a pair of internal electrodes provided in varistor layer containing ZnO as a main component.

Internal electrode contains Ag as a main component and is made of a metal containing at least one type selected from Pt and Au. The total weight of Pt and Au with respect to the weight of the metal constituting internal electrode is set between 2% and 30% (inclusive). With such a configuration, diffusion of Ag into varistor layer can be prevented, and a laminated varistor excellent in clamping voltage ratio can be obtained.

Provided are a resin composition for forming a varistor and a varistor capable of increasing freedom in the design of substrates, ICs, or electronics. The resin composition for forming a varistor includes (A) an epoxy resin, (B) a curing agent, (C) carbon nanotubes, and (D) a dispersant. The (C) carbon nanotubes may be single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, or a combination thereof. The (D) dispersant includes a polyalkyl oxide surfactant. The polyalkyl oxide surfactant has a polyalkyl ether skeleton in the molecule.