A thermoelectric safety assembly that includes a thermocouple configured to detect a flame in a burner and, in response to detecting the flame, generating an electrical voltage. The assembly includes an electromagnetic valve electrically connected to the thermocouple, and a transistor electrically connected between the thermocouple and the electromagnetic valve. The electromagnetic valve is arranged electrically connected with a field-effect transistor. The assembly also includes a voltage booster configured to power the transistor, the transistor being connected in parallel with the voltage booster. An output terminal of the voltage booster is arranged connected with a gate terminal of the transistor, the voltage booster being configured to boost the electrical voltage generated in the thermocouple, an electrical voltage being obtained that is capable of keeping the transistor closed such that the electromagnetic valve is energized.

A channel segment for a track of a mover device is provided, the channel segment comprising: opposite ends joined by a body forming a magnetic flux pathway between the opposite ends, the magnetic flux pathway being one or more of C-shaped, U-shaped and horseshoe shaped between the opposite ends, the opposite ends forming respective transverse magnetic flux pathways about perpendicular to the magnetic flux pathway; laminations of ferromagnetic material forming the body, the laminations about parallel to the magnetic flux pathway and about perpendicular to the respective transverse magnetic flux pathways; shear pins through the laminations, the shear pins positioned to reduce eddy currents one or more of in and around the shear pins; and a retention mechanism at the opposite ends, the retention mechanism configured to transversely fasten the laminations together at the opposite ends while remaining insulated from each other.

A magnetic field application device according to an embodiment includes a first coil assembly and a second coil assembly spaced apart in parallel from each other, a power supply configured to apply respective currents to the first coil assembly and the second coil assembly, a controller, and a resonator accommodation unit disposed between the first coil assembly and the second coil assembly, wherein each of the first coil assembly and the second coil includes a coil configured to generate a magnetic field, a guide member connected to a terminal of the coil, a magnetic material mount connected to a terminal of the guide member, and a magnetic material fixed to the magnetic material mount, and wherein the controller is configured to control the currents applied from the power supply to the first coil assembly and the second coil assembly.

A controller for a linear solenoid valve is configured to: calculate an average value of an exciting current within a period including a natural number multiple of the dither cycle as an average current value; execute a feedback control on a control value of the pulse width modulation signal such that a target value of the exciting current and the average current value match; and calculate a dither correction amount by multiplying a ratio between the control value of the pulse width modulation signal obtained by the feedback control and the average current value by a dither current value that is a current value corresponding to the dither correction amount and calculating the dither correction amount such that an increase in the exciting current due to the dither correction amount is canceled out by a decrease in the exciting current due to the dither correction amount within one dither cycle.

Electromechanical lock and method are disclosed. The lock includes: a movable permanent magnet to move between a first position and a second position; a stationary permanent semi-hard magnet; and an electrically powered magnetization coil positioned adjacent to the stationary permanent semi-hard magnet to switch a polarity of the stationary permanent semi-hard magnet between a first magnetization configuration and a second magnetization configuration. The first magnetization configuration of the stationary permanent semi-hard magnet moves the movable permanent magnet to the first position. The second magnetization configuration of the stationary permanent semi-hard magnet moves the movable permanent magnet to the second position. A magnetic axis of the movable permanent magnet is side by side with a magnetic axis of the stationary permanent semi-hard magnet.

The present invention maintains the accuracy of a reference current used in a functional circuit. Disclosed is a current generator circuit including a functional circuit and a diagnostic circuit. The functional circuit uses a reference current. The diagnostic circuit diagnoses the reference current in accordance with a comparison result obtained from comparison between the period of a periodic signal generated based on the reference current and the period of a reference clock inputted from the outside.

Various embodiments of electric lighting devices and, in particular, electric candles are described. The devices can include a flame element onto which light can be projected from a light source. Preferably, the light is projected within a focal area on the flame element. The housing of the devices can include projections that help maintain a vertical position of a circuit board within the housing.

A logic control system for magnetic track braking of a rail transit vehicle includes a magnetic track braking control circuit, a magnetic track braking power supply execution circuit, and a magnetic track braking status monitoring and feedback circuit. The magnetic track braking control circuit includes a pneumatic actuator relay, an electromagnet relay, a system protection relay, a power-on delay relay, a power-off delay relay, an automatic control branch circuit, and a manual control branch circuit. The pneumatic actuator relay is connected to the power-on delay relay, and the system protection relay is connected to the power-off delay relay. The automatic control branch circuit includes a first isolation magnetic track braking switch and an emergency braking relay contact. The manual control branch circuit includes a first circuit breaker, a cab signal option switch, a second isolation magnetic track braking switch and a manual touch button.

Methods, apparatus, and systems for magnetic field assisted abrasive finishing of a workpiece are provided. A stationary electromagnetic array comprised of iron core electromagnets is positioned adjacent a workpiece to generate a dynamic magnetic field. A control system is adapted to be programmed to selectively energize the electromagnets of the stationary electromagnetic array to generate the dynamic magnetic field. The dynamic magnetic field may comprise one of a rotating magnetic field, an oscillating magnetic field, or a designated pattern. A plurality of magnetic abrasive particles is also provided. A jig is provided to position the stationary electromagnetic array relative to the workpiece. The plurality of magnetic abrasive particles are introduced into the dynamic magnetic field and are caused to move relative to a surface of the workpiece by the dynamic magnetic field.

A constant-current control circuit comprising a switching circuit including a source voltage, and primary and secondary switches is provided. The primary GaNFET switch is connected with a solenoid assembly coil. The secondary switch is connected with the coil which has an inductance. From t.sub.0 to t.sub.on, the primary GaNFET switch is closed and the secondary switch is open, the source voltage is applied across the coil, and a counter EMF decays until the voltage across the coil equals the source voltage at t.sub.on, thereby allowing current to flow through the coil. From t.sub.on to T, the primary GaNFET switch is open and the secondary switch is closed, and a positive EMF equal to the source voltage is applied across the coil until the positive EMF decays to zero at T, such that the current continues to flow through the coil without the source voltage being applied across the coil.