Methods and devices for forming painted circuits using multiple layers of electrically conductive paint. In one aspect, a painted circuit includes a substrate and one or more paint layers applied to the substrate where the one or more paint layers each form an electrical component of the painted circuit, and where the one or more paint layers includes a p-type hole conducting paint layer applied to the substrate, a photosensitized paint layer applied to the p-type hole conducing paint layer, an n-type electron conducting paint layer applied to the photosensitized paint layer, and a transparent protective paint layer applied to the n-type electron conducting paint layer.

A flexible photovoltaic thin film device is provided, the flexible photovoltaic thin film device comprising: a support film; wires, the support film retaining the wires, the wires terminating in at least one contact point; and a plurality of flexible photovoltaic thin film stacks adhered on the support film and electrically connected to the wires, each flexible photovoltaic thin film stack comprising, in order, an outer protective layer, an outer electrode layer, an electron transport layer, a semi-conductor perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, an inner electrode layer and an adherent layer.

A system may include a flexible leaf having a fastener, the fastener being electrically conductive, the flexible leaf having a solar cell incorporated therein, the solar cell electrically coupled to the fastener. The system may further include an article of clothing including a respective fastener, the respective fastener being electrically conductive, the flexible leaf configured to couple to the article of clothing via at least the fastener and the respective fastener. The system may also include an electrical circuit incorporated in the article of clothing, the electrical circuit electrically coupled to the respective fastener.

Provided is a dye-sensitized solar cell element comprising at least one dye-sensitized solar cell, wherein the dye-sensitized solar cell includes a first base material including a transparent substrate, a second base material which faces the first base material, an annular sealing portion which bonds the first base material and the second base material, and an oxide semiconductor layer which is provided between the first base material and the second base material, wherein the second base material has a flexibility, wherein the second base material includes an annular bonding edge portion which is bonded to the sealing portion and a main body portion in an inner side of the bonding edge portion, and wherein a portion of the main body portion is a convex bending portion which is bent to be convex toward a side opposite to the first base material.

The present invention relates to a solar cell (1a) comprising a stack of porous layers, a support substrate (2) for supporting the stack, and a charge conducting medium (7) penetrating through the porous layers. The stack comprises a porous light-absorbing layer (3), a porous first conductive layer (4) including conductive material for extracting photo-generated 5 electrons from the light-absorbing layer, a porous counter electrode (6) including conductive material, and a separating layer (5) made of porous electrically insulating material and arranged between the conductive layer (4) and the counter electrode (6), and where the conductive layer (4) is arranged closer to the light-absorbing layer (3) than the counter electrode (6). The support substrate (2) is porous, and the charge conducting medium (7) is penetrating through the support substrate (2).

Disclosed herein are perovskite based optoelectronic devices made entirely via solution-processing at low temperatures (<150? C.) which provide for simple manufacturing, compatibility with flexible substrates, and perovskite-based tandem devices. These perovskite based optoelectronic devices are produced using an electron transport layer on which the perovskite layer is formed which is passivated using a ligand selected to reduce electron-hole recombination at the interface between the electron transport layer and the perovskite layer.

An method for manufacturing a electronic device is provided having a current collector capable of a high specific charge collecting area and power, but is also achieved using a simple and fast technique and resulting in a robust design that may be flexed and can be manufactured in large scale processing.

To this end the electronic device comprising an electronic circuit equipped with a current collector formed by a metal substrate having a face forming a high-aspect ratio structure of pillars having an interdistance larger than 600 nm. By forming the high-aspect structure in a metal substrate, new structures can be formed that are conformal to curvature of a macroform or that can be coiled or wound and have a robust design.

The invention provides a suitable method and an appropriate, PV film structure. This aim is achieved by a room temperature method in which aqueous dispersions are printed onto a substrate and cured by an accompanying reaction. The accompanying reaction forms gradients and also nanoscale structures at the film boundaries, which produce a PV active film having standard performance and a higher stability. At around 10% efficiency, stability and no initial loss in performance in the climatic chamber test can be obtained and over a 20 year test period, consistently less fluctuation can be achieved. The method is free from tempering or sintering steps, enables the use of technically pure, advantageous starting materials and makes the PV film structure available as a finished, highly flexible cell for a fraction of the typical investment in production or distribution.

An optoelectronic device includes a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, a photoactive layer that includes an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material disposed between the first and second electrodes, and a layer of a hole transport material disposed between the photoactive layer and one of the first and second electrodes. A method of producing an optoelectronic device includes forming a photoactive layer of an organic-inorganic perovskite using at least one of solution processing or thermal vacuum deposition, and depositing a layer of hole transport material on the photoactive layer using at least one of solution processing or thermal vacuum deposition. The hole transport material includes non-doped donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated small molecules.

A method of forming PV layers in which, during the curing process, an additional reaction accelerates and improves curing. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a double layer sequence having a plastic matrix in which continuous metal particles and, in the upper layer, alkaline-solubilised siloxane portions and metal particles are provided, allows, by means of combined definitive curing during the alkaline-solubilisation, the production of a PV layer sequence with which industrial waste heat/long-wave IR radiation can be utilised photovoltaically. The active exploitation of industrial waste heat/heat/body heat offers clear, financially-viable advantages in a great number of fields.