A supercapacitor is provided. The supercapacitor includes an elastic fiber, an internal electrode, a first electrolyte layer, and an external electrode. The internal electrode, the first electrolyte layer, and the external electrode are sequentially wrapped on an outer surface of the elastic fiber. The internal electrode includes a first carbon nanotube film and a NiO@MnO.sub.x composite structure, and the external electrode includes a second carbon nanotube film and a Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 layer.

A method, including irradiating graphene oxide (GO) with a beam of light or radiation to form reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in a three-dimensional (3D) pattern, wherein the RGO is porous RGO with pores having sizes tuned by controlling the beam of light or radiation.

A method, including irradiating graphene oxide (GO) with a beam of light or radiation to form reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in a three-dimensional (3D) pattern, wherein the RGO is porous RGO with pores having sizes tuned by controlling the beam of light or radiation.

There is disclosed a method and a system for a versatile in-situ approach to design the nanostructured transition metal selenide (TMS) materials for the high-energy solid-state hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs). Initially, the rose-nanopetals like NiSe@Cu2Se (NiCuSe) cathode and FeSe nanoparticles anode are directly anchored on 3D highly conducting Cu foam via purposefully in-situ conversion reactions. The different potential windows of the NiCuSe and FeSe in aqueous electrolytes associated with the excellent electrical conductivity and redox activity results in the superior electrochemical features for the half cell with maximum specific capacity of 534.2 mA h g.sup.−1 for NiCuSe and 573.8 mA h g.sup.−1 for FeSe at current density of 1 A g.sup.−1, respectively. The solid-state HSC cell with NiCuSe cathode and FeSe anode delivers a highest specific energy of 87.6 Wh kg.sup.−1 and excellent cycle lifetime with capacity retention of 91.3% over 10,000 cycles.

There is disclosed a method and a system for a versatile in-situ approach to design the nanostructured transition metal selenide (TMS) materials for the high-energy solid-state hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs). Initially, the rose-nanopetals like NiSe@Cu2Se (NiCuSe) cathode and FeSe nanoparticles anode are directly anchored on 3D highly conducting Cu foam via purposefully in-situ conversion reactions. The different potential windows of the NiCuSe and FeSe in aqueous electrolytes associated with the excellent electrical conductivity and redox activity results in the superior electrochemical features for the half cell with maximum specific capacity of 534.2 mA h g.sup.−1 for NiCuSe and 573.8 mA h g.sup.−1 for FeSe at current density of 1 A g.sup.−1, respectively. The solid-state HSC cell with NiCuSe cathode and FeSe anode delivers a highest specific energy of 87.6 Wh kg.sup.−1 and excellent cycle lifetime with capacity retention of 91.3% over 10,000 cycles.

A novel electrode and associated method of manufacturing said novel electrode comprising a porous structure having absorbed polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), a self-assembled polypyrole (PPy) layer adjacent to the PSS absorbed porous structure, a self-assembled polyaniline (PANI) layer adjacent to the PPy layer, an electrochemically deposited PANI layer adjacent to the PPy layer and an electrochemically deposited PANI-molybdenum disulfide (PANI-MoS.sub.2) layer adjacent to the electrochemically deposited PANI layer. A supercapacitor and associated method of manufacturing a supercapacitor comprising a first novel electrode and a second novel electrode separated by a polyvinyl gel and a porous separator.

A dual-function supercapacitor carbon fiber composite stores electrical energy and functions, for example, as the body shell of electric vehicles (EVs). This is achieved with a vertically aligned graphene on carbon fiber electrode, upon which metal oxides were deposited to obtain ultra-high energy density anode and cathode. A high-strength multilayer carbon composite assembly is fabricated using an alternate layer patterning configuration of epoxy and polyacrylamide gel electrolyte. The energized composite delivers a high areal energy density of 0.31 mWh cm.sup.−2 at 0.3 mm thickness and showed a high tensile strength of 518 MPa, bending strength of 477 MPa, and impact strength 2666 J/m. To show application in EVs, a toy car body fabricated with energized composite operates using the energy stored inside the frame. Moreover, when integrated with a solar cell, this composite powered an IoT (interne of things) device, showing feasibility in communication satellites.

A dual-function supercapacitor carbon fiber composite stores electrical energy and functions, for example, as the body shell of electric vehicles (EVs). This is achieved with a vertically aligned graphene on carbon fiber electrode, upon which metal oxides were deposited to obtain ultra-high energy density anode and cathode. A high-strength multilayer carbon composite assembly is fabricated using an alternate layer patterning configuration of epoxy and polyacrylamide gel electrolyte. The energized composite delivers a high areal energy density of 0.31 mWh cm.sup.−2 at 0.3 mm thickness and showed a high tensile strength of 518 MPa, bending strength of 477 MPa, and impact strength 2666 J/m. To show application in EVs, a toy car body fabricated with energized composite operates using the energy stored inside the frame. Moreover, when integrated with a solar cell, this composite powered an IoT (interne of things) device, showing feasibility in communication satellites.

The present application is directed to methods for solvent-free preparation of polymers and their subsequent processing into activated carbon materials. These methods unexpectedly demonstrate ability to tune pore structure in the polymer gel and carbon produced there from, while also providing distinct advantages over the current art.

The present application is directed to methods for solvent-free preparation of polymers and their subsequent processing into activated carbon materials. These methods unexpectedly demonstrate ability to tune pore structure in the polymer gel and carbon produced there from, while also providing distinct advantages over the current art.