A stand-alone chamber or multi-chamber inhalation system has at least two alternative vaporized test liquid supply systems for passive or self-administered delivery of vaporized test fluid and air to one or more test chambers, which can be passive or restraint chambers, based on operator selection of delivery on and off times in a passive mode or actuation of an actuator in the chamber by a test animal in a self-administered mode. In one case, a multiple inhalation chamber system has two or more separate test fluid delivery systems and provides options for selective passive uniform drug delivery to multiple chambers or selective delivery of two or more different drugs to different groups of chambers from different delivery systems so that two different drugs or different concentrations of delivered drugs can be tested simultaneously.

A ventilator includes a bidirectional breath detection airline and a flow outlet airline. The flow outlet airline includes an airline outlet. The flow outlet airline is configured to be connected to an invasive ventilator circuit or a noninvasive ventilator circuit. The breath detection airline includes airline inlet. The airline inlet is separated from the airline outlet of the flow outlet airline. The ventilator further includes a pressure sensor in direct fluid communication with the breath detection airline. The pressure sensor is configured to measure breathing pressure from the user and generate sensor data indicative of breathing by the user. The ventilator further includes a controller in electronic communication with the pressure sensor. The controller is programmed to detect the breathing by the user based on the sensor data received from the pressure sensor.

A stand-alone chamber or multi-chamber inhalation system has at least two alternative vaporized test liquid supply systems for passive or self-administered delivery of vaporized test fluid and air to one or more test chambers, which can be passive or restraint chambers, based on operator selection of delivery on and off times in a passive mode or actuation of an actuator in the chamber by a test animal in a self-administered mode. In one case, a multiple inhalation chamber system has two or more separate test fluid delivery systems and provides options for selective passive uniform drug delivery to multiple chambers or selective delivery of two or more different drugs to different groups of chambers from different delivery systems so that two different drugs or different concentrations of delivered drugs can be tested simultaneously.

The present invention provides a new inhaler device for the administration of inhalable liquids to a patient offering one or more advantages or improvements over known inhalers, particularly inhalers for the delivery of halogenated volatile liquids such as methoxyflurane for use as an analgesic.

A personal respiratory isolation system (PRIS) provides a personal, negative pressure environment for a patient or user that reduces contamination and spread of pathogens exhaled by the patient into the environment. The PRIS includes an enclosure to receive the patient's head (such as a hood and a drape) and a negative pressure source which draws ambient air into the interior of the enclosure and draws air within the enclosure's interior (including the exhalations of the patient, including any contaminants and/or pathogens) out of the enclosure via a fluid port into a container for biohazard processing or disposal. The PRIS may allow positive air pressure therapeutic treatments to be delivered to the patient within the negative pressure environment, and the PRIS may maintain a constant pressure within the interior of the enclosure. The PRIS may include a transparent, hinged face shield for ease of patient observation and/or access.

A Non-Rebreather Exhalation Filtration Device (FD) with a front plastic sheet (PS), an aerosol separator (AS) and optionally a collection reservoir (R) may be fitted (i) (FIG. 3A) by its inlet port (IP) onto a nebulizer exhaust tube (NET), or (ii) by an adhesive layer (AL) onto a respiratory mask (M) having a port (P) and a flat surface (FIG. 5), or (iii) by an adhesive layer (AL) and flexible substrate (FS) onto a respiratory mask (M) having a port (P) and a non-flat (FIG. 6) surface. A deflector (D), stiffener component (SC) and rear plastic sheet (PS2) are disclosed. Methods of using the Filtration Device are disclosed.

An apparatus and method are provided for administering an inhaled drug to a person while simultaneously administering oxygen from a medical oxygen mask. The inhaled drug is from a pressurized metered dose inhaler (MDI), employing an extender tube about 3-10 cm long that fits into or over the mouthpiece of the inhaler. The MDI with extender tube is inserted into the mask and positioned so that the plume of drug travels through the extender when the MDI is actuated and is directed to just inside the mouth of the person. In an embodiment, an exhalation filter is provided to prevent contamination from infectious agents in the exhaled air from the person.

A ventilation adjustment method and a high-frequency ventilation system, which ensure stable and accurate oxygen concentration control within an oxygen concentration setting range, are disclosed. The ventilation adjustment method includes: determining a first gas flow rate control value and a second gas flow rate control value according to a target output flow rate and an oxygen concentration setting value; determining whether the first gas flow rate control value falls into a first dead zone range and whether the second gas flow rate control value falls into a second dead zone range; if the first gas flow rate control value falls into the first dead zone range, maintaining a first gas flow rate controller turned on in an expiratory phase; and if the second gas flow rate control value falls into the second dead zone range, maintaining a second gas flow rate controller turned on in the expiratory phase.

Systems and methods for nitric oxide generation are provided. In an embodiment, an NO generation system can include a controller and disposable cartridge that can provide nitric oxide to two different treatments simultaneously. The disposable cartridge has multiple purposes including preparing incoming gases for exposure to the NO generation process, scrubbing exhaust gases for unwanted materials, characterizing the patient inspiratory flow, and removing moisture from sample gases collected. Plasma generation can be done within the cartridge or within the controller. The system has the capability of calibrating NO and NO.sub.2 gas analysis sensors without the use of a calibration gas.

A device of generating inactivated viruses and killing respiratory viruses in exhaled air in real time includes a mask; a wearable assist member having two ends secured to the mask; and a filter attached to the mask, the filter including a rear exhaled air collection chamber, an intermediate member for deactivating viruses, and a front chamber for passing air with inactivated viruses all communicating with each other. The rear exhaled air collection chamber includes an inlet attached to a front portion of the mask and communicating therewith, and a space communicating with the inlet. The intermediate member for deactivating viruses includes a channel and at least one element for deactivating viruses. The front chamber for passing air with inactivated viruses includes at least one outlet on a front end and an internal fan spaced from the at least one outlet.