One or more pellicles protect a cathode, the pellicles comprised of a thin layer of material that allows electrons to pass while preventing contamination of the cathode from elements originating beyond the pellicle or contamination of an outside apparatus from elements originating on or near the cathode. The pellicle can be supported by an insulator, the insulator in turn supported by a deflecting layer. The pellicle can be maintained at a positive voltage relative to the cathode, such that a voltage gradient is created between the cathode and the pellicle that accelerates electrons emitted by the cathode away from the cathode. The pellicle is located at an appropriate distance from the cathode to allow electron transmission matching the energy of the electrons at that distance.

One or more pellicles protect a cathode, the pellicles comprised of a thin layer of material that allows electrons to pass while preventing contamination of the cathode from elements originating beyond the pellicle or contamination of an outside apparatus from elements originating on or near the cathode. The pellicle can be supported by an insulator, the insulator in turn supported by a deflecting layer. The pellicle can be maintained at a positive voltage relative to the cathode, such that a voltage gradient is created between the cathode and the pellicle that accelerates electrons emitted by the cathode away from the cathode. The pellicle is located at an appropriate distance from the cathode to allow electron transmission matching the energy of the electrons at that distance.

One or more pellicles protect a cathode, the pellicles comprised of a thin layer of material that allows electrons to pass while preventing contamination of the cathode from elements originating beyond the pellicle or contamination of an outside apparatus from elements originating on or near the cathode. The pellicle can be supported by an insulator, the insulator in turn supported by a deflecting layer. The pellicle can be maintained at a positive voltage relative to the cathode, such that a voltage gradient is created between the cathode and the pellicle that accelerates electrons emitted by the cathode away from the cathode. The pellicle is located at an appropriate distance from the cathode to allow electron transmission matching the energy of the electrons at that distance.

One or more pellicles protect a cathode, the pellicles comprised of a thin layer of material that allows electrons to pass while preventing contamination of the cathode from elements originating beyond the pellicle or contamination of an outside apparatus from elements originating on or near the cathode. The pellicle can be supported by an insulator, the insulator in turn supported by a deflecting layer. The pellicle can be maintained at a positive voltage relative to the cathode, such that a voltage gradient is created between the cathode and the pellicle that accelerates electrons emitted by the cathode away from the cathode. The pellicle is located at an appropriate distance from the cathode to allow electron transmission matching the energy of the electrons at that distance.

One or more pellicles protect a cathode, the pellicles comprised of a thin layer of material that allows electrons to pass while preventing contamination of the cathode from elements originating beyond the pellicle or contamination of an outside apparatus from elements originating on or near the cathode. The pellicle can be supported by an insulator, the insulator in turn supported by a deflecting layer. The pellicle can be maintained at a positive voltage relative to the cathode, such that a voltage gradient is created between the cathode and the pellicle that accelerates electrons emitted by the cathode away from the cathode. The pellicle is located at an appropriate distance from the cathode to allow electron transmission matching the energy of the electrons at that distance.

One or more pellicles protect a cathode, the pellicles comprised of a thin layer of material that allows electrons to pass while preventing contamination of the cathode from elements originating beyond the pellicle or contamination of an outside apparatus from elements originating on or near the cathode. The pellicle can be supported by an insulator, the insulator in turn supported by a deflecting layer. The pellicle can be maintained at a positive voltage relative to the cathode, such that a voltage gradient is created between the cathode and the pellicle that accelerates electrons emitted by the cathode away from the cathode. The pellicle is located at an appropriate distance from the cathode to allow electron transmission matching the energy of the electrons at that distance.

One or more pellicles protect a cathode, the pellicles comprised of a thin layer of material that allows electrons to pass while preventing contamination of the cathode from elements originating beyond the pellicle or contamination of an outside apparatus from elements originating on or near the cathode. The pellicle can be supported by an insulator, the insulator in turn supported by a deflecting layer. The pellicle can be maintained at a positive voltage relative to the cathode, such that a voltage gradient is created between the cathode and the pellicle that accelerates electrons emitted by the cathode away from the cathode. The pellicle is located at an appropriate distance from the cathode to allow electron transmission matching the energy of the electrons at that distance.

One or more pellicles protect a cathode, the pellicles comprised of a thin layer of material that allows electrons to pass while preventing contamination of the cathode from elements originating beyond the pellicle or contamination of an outside apparatus from elements originating on or near the cathode. The pellicle can be supported by an insulator, the insulator in turn supported by a deflecting layer. The pellicle can be maintained at a positive voltage relative to the cathode, such that a voltage gradient is created between the cathode and the pellicle that accelerates electrons emitted by the cathode away from the cathode. The pellicle is located at an appropriate distance from the cathode to allow electron transmission matching the energy of the electrons at that distance.