A molecular detection apparatus according to an embodiment includes: a distributor which ionizes a target containing substances to be detected, applies voltage to ionized substances, and extracts the substances to be detected according to a time-of-flight based on the speed; a detector which detects the substance to be detected dropped from the distributor; and a discriminator which discriminates the substance to be detected. The detector includes: a plurality of detection units including field effect transistors using graphene layers; and a plurality of organic probes which are provided on the graphene layers, and at least some of which have different bond strengths with the substances to be detected. The substance to be detected is discriminated depending on a signal pattern based on intensity differences of the detection signals generated by differences in the bond strengths between the organic probes and the substances to be detected.

Presented herein are apparatuses for use in capillary separations. An apparatus includes a coupling that integrates a capillary with a voltage source, a sheath liquid system, a fluid exit port, and a manifold. The coupling may be an elbow connector or equivalent. The manifold receives incident light from an incident light input, and emitted light is collected by a collected light output. The capillary enters the manifold at an input for the capillary, traverses the coupling, and terminates at the fluid exit port, for example an electrospray emitter. The capillary may also enter the manifold at an input for the capillary and terminates inside the manifold.

A method is disclosed comprising providing a biological sample on a swab, directing a spray of charged droplets onto a surface of the swab in order to generate a plurality of analyte ions, and analysing the analyte ions.

An elemental analysis system includes a reactor having at least one reduction reaction zone including a metal zeolite that can reduce nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) to molecular nitrogen (N.sub.2) by selective catalytic reduction. Correspondingly, a method of elemental analysis includes providing a reactor having at least one reduction reaction zone including a metal zeolite and reducing nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) to molecular nitrogen (N.sub.2) by selective catalytic reaction on the metal zeolite.

Improved pulsed ion sources and pulsed converters are proposed for multi-pass time-of-flight mass spectrometer, either multi-reflecting (MR) or multi-turn (MT) TOF. A wedge electrostatic field 45 is arranged within a region of small ion energy for electronically controlled tilting of ion packets 54 time front. Tilt angle γ of time front 54 is strongly amplified by a post-acceleration in a flat field 48. Electrostatic deflector 30 downstream of the post-acceleration 48 allows denser folding of ion trajectories, whereas the injection mechanism allows for electronically adjustable mutual compensation of the time front tilt angle, i.e. γ=0 for ion packet in location 55, for curvature of ion packets, and for the angular energy dispersion. The arrangement helps bypassing accelerator 40 rims, adjusting ion packets inclination angles α.sub.2, and what is most important, compensating for mechanical misalignments of the optical components.

A detection apparatus and method for detecting charged particles. The device relies on a detection assembly comprising microchannel plates. The useful surface of the microchannel plate device is maximized in time through the use of beam deflection means upstream of the detection front.

An ion analyzer including: a base member fixed to a ion outflow port and having a cylindrical concave part; a cylindrical first conductive member accommodated in the concave part; a first ion flow controller fixed to an exposed end of the first conductive member; a cylindrical insulating member inserted into the first conductive member; a rod-shaped second conductive member inserted into the insulating member; a second ion flow controller being fixed to an exposed end of the second conductive member; a first power feeding unit that, when accommodated in the concave part, comes into contact with the first conductive member; and a second power feeding unit that, when accommodated in the concave part, comes into contact with the second conductive member when the first conductive member accommodates the second conductive member and the insulating member.

A method is disclosed comprising providing a biological sample on a swab, directing a spray of charged droplets onto a surface of the swab in order to generate a plurality of analyte ions, and analysing the analyte ions.

The present invention relates to the high resolution imaging of samples using imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) and to the imaging of biological samples by imaging mass cytometry (IMCTM) in which labelling atoms are detected by IMS. LA-ICP-MS (a form of IMS in which the sample is ablated by a laser, the ablated material is then ionised in an inductively coupled plasma before the ions are detected by mass spectrometry) has been used for analysis of various substances, such as mineral analysis of geological samples, analysis of archaeological samples, and imaging of biological substances. However, traditional LA-ICP-MS systems and methods may not provide high resolution. Described herein are methods and systems for high resolution IMS and IMC.

A mass spectrometry apparatus includes an ion detector and a control circuit coupled to the ion detector. The ion detector includes a pulse counting stage and an analog stage configured to generate a pulse counting signal and an analog signal, respectively, responsive to incident ions. The a control circuit is configured to output the pulse counting signal in a pulse counting output mode and to output the analog signal in an analog output mode. The control circuit is configured to switch from the pulse counting output mode to the analog output mode responsive to the pulse counting signal exceeding a first threshold within a range of about 10 million counts per second to about 200 million counts per second. Related devices and operating methods are also discussed.