A light-emitting device includes: a substrate having a groove extending in a first direction and a first surface and a second surface respectively arranged to sandwich the groove in a second direction; a first electrode provided on the first surface; a second electrode provided on the second surface; a graphite thin film provided on the first electrode and the second electrode and extending from the first electrode to the second electrode along the second direction in such a way as to be astride the groove; a third electrode provided on the graphite thin film in such a way as to be opposite the first electrode via the graphite thin film; and a fourth electrode provided on the graphite thin film in such a way as to be opposite the second electrode via the graphite thin film.

An infrared light radiation device includes a radiation unit and a condenser. The radiation unit includes a heater and a metamaterial structure. The metamaterial structure is able to radiate, when heat energy is input from the heater, infrared light having a peak wavelength of a non-Planck distribution. The condenser includes at least one condensing lens that concentrates and transmits toward outside the infrared light radiated from the radiation unit.

A conductive structure comprising: a plurality of conductive devices; a first conductive spring sheet, comprising a first connecting point; and a second conductive spring sheet, comprising a second connecting point. Each of the conductive devices comprises a first conductive end and a second conductive end. The second conductive end is connected to the second connecting point, and the first conductive end is connected to the first connecting point corresponding to the second connecting point to which the second conductive end is connected.

A conductive structure comprising: a plurality of conductive devices; a first conductive spring sheet, comprising a first connecting point; and a second conductive spring sheet, comprising a second connecting point. Each of the conductive devices comprises a first conductive end and a second conductive end. The second conductive end is connected to the second connecting point, and the first conductive end is connected to the first connecting point corresponding to the second connecting point to which the second conductive end is connected.

A light-emitting device includes: a substrate having a groove extending in a first direction and a first surface and a second surface respectively arranged to sandwich the groove in a second direction; a first electrode provided on the first surface; a second electrode provided on the second surface; a graphite thin film provided on the first electrode and the second electrode and extending from the first electrode to the second electrode along the second direction in such a way as to be astride the groove; a third electrode provided on the graphite thin film in such a way as to be opposite the first electrode via the graphite thin film; and a fourth electrode provided on the graphite thin film in such a way as to be opposite the second electrode via the graphite thin film.

A light-emitting device includes: a substrate having a groove extending in a first direction and a first surface and a second surface respectively arranged to sandwich the groove in a second direction; a first electrode provided on the first surface; a second electrode provided on the second surface; a graphite thin film provided on the first electrode and the second electrode and extending from the first electrode to the second electrode along the second direction in such a way as to be astride the groove; a third electrode provided on the graphite thin film in such a way as to be opposite the first electrode via the graphite thin film; and a fourth electrode provided on the graphite thin film in such a way as to be opposite the second electrode via the graphite thin film.

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to simplified, high voltage, tungsten halogen lamps for use as source of heat radiation in a rapid thermal processing (RTP) chamber or other lamp heated thermal processing chambers. Embodiments include a lamp design that includes an external fuse while reducing the number of part and expense of prior art lamps. In addition, embodiments of the lamps described herein provide sufficient rigidity to handle compressive forces of inserting the lamps into a heating assembly base, while maintaining a simplified fuse design.

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to simplified, high voltage, tungsten halogen lamps for use as source of heat radiation in a rapid thermal processing (RTP) chamber or other lamp heated thermal processing chambers. Embodiments include a lamp design that includes an external fuse while reducing the number of part and expense of prior art lamps. In addition, embodiments of the lamps described herein provide sufficient rigidity to handle compressive forces of inserting the lamps into a heating assembly base, while maintaining a simplified fuse design.

To aim at a prevention of an occurrence of failure in and an extension of the life span of an incandescent light bulb by reducing the impact of an external force, which is applied to an outer lead wire positioned outside a bulb, on the connections between the lead wire and another element when manufacturing the incandescent light bulb, especially in a socket mounting process. In an incandescent light bulb wherein a filament assembly having filaments and lead wires which support the filaments is sealed in a bulb, a shape which, being easy to bend, enables a reduction in the impact of an applied external force on another element is imparted to a region of a predetermined length which includes the boundary of the lead wires between inside and outside the bulb. For example, a region in which the cross-sectional shape of the lead wires is changed by crushing is provided.

To aim at a prevention of an occurrence of failure in and an extension of the life span of an incandescent light bulb by reducing the impact of an external force, which is applied to an outer lead wire positioned outside a bulb, on the connections between the lead wire and another element when manufacturing the incandescent light bulb, especially in a socket mounting process. In an incandescent light bulb wherein a filament assembly having filaments and lead wires which support the filaments is sealed in a bulb, a shape which, being easy to bend, enables a reduction in the impact of an applied external force on another element is imparted to a region of a predetermined length which includes the boundary of the lead wires between inside and outside the bulb. For example, a region in which the cross-sectional shape of the lead wires is changed by crushing is provided.