An alkaline electrochemical cell includes a cathode; a gelled anode having an anode active material and an electrolyte; and a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode; wherein the separator includes a non-conductive, porous material having a mean pore size of about 1 micron to about 5 microns, a maximum pore size of about 19 microns, and an air permeability of about 0.5 cc/cm.sup.2/s to about 3.8 cc/cm.sup.2/s at 125 Pa.

Embodiments described herein relate to electrode and electrochemical cell material recycling. Recycling electrode materials can save significant costs, both for quenching chemicals and for the costs of the materials themselves. Separation processes described herein include centrifuge separation, settler separation, flocculant separation, froth flotation, hydro cyclone, vibratory screening, air classification, and magnetic separation. In some embodiments, methods described herein can include any combination of froth flotation, air classification, and magnetic separation. In some embodiments, electrolyte can be separated from active and/or conductive materials via drying, subcritical or supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, solvent mass extraction (e.g., with non-aqueous or aqueous solvents), and/or freeze-drying. By applying these separation processes, high purity raw products can be isolated. These products can be re-used or sold to a third party. Processes described herein are scalable to large cell production facilities.

Embodiments described herein relate generally to devices, systems and methods of producing high energy density batteries having a semi-solid cathode that is thicker than the anode. An electrochemical cell can include a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode current collector and an ion-permeable membrane disposed between the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector. The ion-permeable membrane is spaced a first distance from the positive electrode current collector and at least partially defines a positive electroactive zone. The ion-permeable membrane is spaced a second distance from the negative electrode current collector and at least partially defines a negative electroactive zone. The second distance is less than the first distance. A semi-solid cathode that includes a suspension of an active material and a conductive material in a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte is disposed in the positive electroactive zone, and an anode is disposed in the negative electroactive zone.

A zinc-air secondary battery includes an air positive electrode part, a separator, and a zinc gel negative electrode part in a case, provided with an electrolyte flow part for inducing electrolyte to flow inside the zinc gel negative electrode part. The oxygen discharging efficiency that remains in the zinc gel negative electrode part and is not smoothly discharged to the outside can be improved, and thus charging performance of the zinc-air secondary battery can be improved.

An electrode structure for use in a battery cell, the electrode structure including: a current collector layer having a current collector surface; a polymer gel electrode layer having an electrode surface that faces the current collector surface; and an interlayer arranged between the current collector surface and the electrode surface. The interlayer includes an electrically conducting material.

An alkaline dry battery includes a positive electrode, a gel negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolyte solution contained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator. The negative electrode contains a negative electrode active material containing zinc and particulate terephthalic acid. The terephthalic acid contained in the negative electrode has an average particle diameter of 25 to 210 m.

The present invention relates to novel biocompatible oxygen gas generating devices that can be implanted into a living subject. In certain embodiments, the oxygen gas generating devices can be used to deliver oxygen gas to tissue in a subject, thereby stimulating tissue growth and repair. In other embodiments, the devices operate by electrolytically splitting endogenous water in a subject. In yet other embodiments, the device further comprises an implantable supercapacitor capable of supplying energy to the oxygen gas generating device.

A method of manufacturing an electrochemical cell includes transferring an anode semi-solid suspension to an anode compartment defined at least in part by an anode current collector and an separator spaced apart from the anode collector. The method also includes transferring a cathode semi-solid suspension to a cathode compartment defined at least in part by a cathode current collector and the separator spaced apart from the cathode collector. The transferring of the anode semi-solid suspension to the anode compartment and the cathode semi-solid to the cathode compartment is such that a difference between a minimum distance and a maximum distance between the anode current collector and the separator is maintained within a predetermined tolerance. The method includes sealing the anode compartment and the cathode compartment.

An alkaline electrochemical cell includes a cathode; a gelled anode; and a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode; wherein the gelled anode includes, an anode active material, an alkaline electrolyte; a gelling agent; and about 10 ppm to 250 ppm of an alkoxylated alkyl phosphate ester surfactant; and wherein from about 15% to about 60% by weight of the anode active material relative to a total amount of anode active material has a particle size of less than about 75 m

An alkaline electrochemical cell includes a cathode; a gelled anode having an anode active material and an electrolyte; and a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode; wherein the separator includes a non-conductive, porous material having a mean pore size of about 1 micron to about 5 microns, a maximum pore size of about 19 microns, and an air permeability of about 0.5 cc/cm.sup.2/s to about 3.8 cc/cm.sup.2/s at 125 Pa.