Embodiments of the invention provide batteries, electrodes, and methods of making the same. According to one embodiment, a battery may include a positive plate having a grid pasted with a lead oxide material, a negative plate having a grid pasted with a lead based material, a separator separating the positive plate and the negative plate, and an electrolyte. A nonwoven glass mat may be in contact with a surface of either or both the positive plate or the negative plate to reinforce the plate. The nonwoven glass mat may include a plurality of first coarse fibers having fiber diameters between about 6 μm and 11 μm and a plurality of second coarse fibers having fiber diameters between about 10 μm and 20 μm.

Embodiments of the invention provide batteries, electrodes, and methods of making the same. According to one embodiment, a battery may include a positive plate having a grid pasted with a lead oxide material, a negative plate having a grid pasted with a lead based material, a separator separating the positive plate and the negative plate, and an electrolyte. A nonwoven glass mat may be in contact with a surface of either or both the positive plate or the negative plate to reinforce the plate. The nonwoven glass mat may include a plurality of first coarse fibers having fiber diameters between about 6 μm and 11 μm and a plurality of second coarse fibers having fiber diameters between about 10 μm and 20 μm.

A separator for a battery is disclosed. The separator is an envelope separator. At least one aperture is provided in any of the first sealed edge, second sealed edge, and third sealed edge of the envelope separator, wherein the at least one aperture forms an electrolyte conduit which assists in the reduction of acid stratification. A battery and a plate and separator assembly are also disclosed.

A separator for a battery is disclosed. The separator is an envelope separator. At least one aperture is provided in any of the first sealed edge, second sealed edge, and third sealed edge of the envelope separator, wherein the at least one aperture forms an electrolyte conduit which assists in the reduction of acid stratification. A battery and a plate and separator assembly are also disclosed.

Lead from lead acid battery scrap is recovered in two separate production streams as clean grid lead and as high-purity lead without smelting. In preferred aspects, lead recovery is performed in a continuous process that uses an aqueous electroprocessing solvent and electro-refining and spent electroprocessing solvent can be recycled to the recovery process.

Lead from lead acid battery scrap is recovered in two separate production streams as clean grid lead and as high-purity lead without smelting. In preferred aspects, lead recovery is performed in a continuous process that uses an aqueous electroprocessing solvent and electro-refining and spent electroprocessing solvent can be recycled to the recovery process.

A lead-acid battery includes a first electrode with a first grid, and a first mixture pasted onto the first grid. The first mixture includes a first plate material with acid resistant glass fibers that resist shedding of the first plate material during operation of the lead-acid battery.

A lead alloy is described that is capable of manufacturing a positive electrode for a lead storage battery with a reduced likelihood of causing growth. The lead alloy contains 0.4% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less of tin and 0.004% by mass or less of bismuth, with the balance being lead and inevitable impurities. The diffraction intensity of a Cube orientation {001} <100> in a pole figure created by analyzing the surface of the lead alloy by an X-ray diffraction method is 4 times or less the diffraction intensity of a random orientation in a pole figure created by analyzing a pure lead powder by the X-ray diffraction method.

A lead alloy is described that is capable of manufacturing a positive electrode for a lead storage battery less likely to cause corrosion penetrating through a lead layer for the positive electrode in the thickness direction. The lead alloy contains 0.4% by mass or more and 2% by mass less of tin and 0.004% by mass or less of bismuth, with the balance being lead and inevitable impurities. When image analysis of a crystal orientation distribution map created by analyzing the surface of the lead alloy by an electron backscatter diffraction method is performed, intersection points of misorientation boundaries between crystal grains with a crystal misorientation of 5° or more and a straight line extending in one specific direction are extracted. The distances between two adjacent intersection points among the extracted intersection points are measured, and the average value of the distances is 50 μm or less.

A lead alloy is described that is capable of manufacturing a positive electrode for a lead storage battery less likely to cause corrosion penetrating through a lead layer for the positive electrode in the thickness direction. The lead alloy contains 0.4% by mass or more and 2% by mass less of tin and 0.004% by mass or less of bismuth, with the balance being lead and inevitable impurities. When image analysis of a crystal orientation distribution map created by analyzing the surface of the lead alloy by an electron backscatter diffraction method is performed, intersection points of misorientation boundaries between crystal grains with a crystal misorientation of 5° or more and a straight line extending in one specific direction are extracted. The distances between two adjacent intersection points among the extracted intersection points are measured, and the average value of the distances is 50 μm or less.