A current collector plate is disclosed that has an erect positioning pin on at least one surface of the current collector plate.

A current collector plate is disclosed that has an erect positioning pin on at least one surface of the current collector plate.

Apparatuses and methods of measuring a hydrogen diffusivity of a metal structure including during operation of the metal structure, are provided. A hydrogen charging surface is provided at a first location on an external surface of the structure. In addition, a hydrogen oxidation surface is provided at a second location adjacent to the first location on the external surface of the structure. Hydrogen flux is generated and directed into the metal surface at the charging surface. At least a portion of the hydrogen flux generated by the charging surface is diverted back toward the surface. A transient of the diverted hydrogen fluxes measured, and this measurement is used to determine the hydrogen diffusivity of the metal structure in service.

The present invention provides a redox flow battery including an ion-exchange membrane, a liquid inflow layer, an electrode, and a current collector plate so as to be stacked in this order. The electrode includes a plurality of electrode pieces which are disposed in parallel in a plane direction, a liquid supply passage for supplying an electrolytic solution to the liquid inflow layer is provided between the adjacent electrode pieces, and the electrolytic solution passes through the electrode from an ion-exchange membrane side surface of the electrode to a current collector plate side surface.

The present invention provides a redox flow battery including an ion-exchange membrane, a liquid inflow layer, an electrode, and a current collector plate so as to be stacked in this order. The electrode includes a plurality of electrode pieces which are disposed in parallel in a plane direction, a liquid supply passage for supplying an electrolytic solution to the liquid inflow layer is provided between the adjacent electrode pieces, and the electrolytic solution passes through the electrode from an ion-exchange membrane side surface of the electrode to a current collector plate side surface.

An electrochemical cell includes: a positive current collector in which an injection part, an ejection part and a passage are defined, where air including an oxygen is injected through the injection part, an exhaust gas is ejected though the ejection part ejecting, and the passage defines a single path which connects the injection part and the ejection part; and a unit cell disposed to be adjacent to the positive current collector. The unit cell includes a positive electrode layer, an active material of which is the oxygen gas, a negative electrode metal layer disposed on an opposite to the positive current collector with respect to the positive electrode layer, and an electrolyte membrane interposed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode metal layer.

An electrochemical cell includes: a positive current collector in which an injection part, an ejection part and a passage are defined, where air including an oxygen is injected through the injection part, an exhaust gas is ejected though the ejection part ejecting, and the passage defines a single path which connects the injection part and the ejection part; and a unit cell disposed to be adjacent to the positive current collector. The unit cell includes a positive electrode layer, an active material of which is the oxygen gas, a negative electrode metal layer disposed on an opposite to the positive current collector with respect to the positive electrode layer, and an electrolyte membrane interposed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode metal layer.

Poly(aryl alkylene) polymers with pendant piperidinium-functionalized groups are provided which have an alkaline-stable cation, such as imidazolium, introduced into a rigid aromatic polymer backbone free of ether bonds. Hydroxide exchange membranes or hydroxide exchange ionomers formed from these polymers exhibit superior chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, decreased water uptake, good solubility in selected solvents, and improved mechanical properties in an ambient dry state as compared to conventional hydroxide exchange membranes or ionomers. Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells and hydroxide exchange membrane electrolyzers comprising the poly(aryl alkylene) polymers with pendant piperidinium-functionalized groups exhibit enhanced performance and durability at relatively high temperatures.

Poly(aryl alkylene) polymers with pendant piperidinium-functionalized groups are provided which have an alkaline-stable cation, such as imidazolium, introduced into a rigid aromatic polymer backbone free of ether bonds. Hydroxide exchange membranes or hydroxide exchange ionomers formed from these polymers exhibit superior chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, decreased water uptake, good solubility in selected solvents, and improved mechanical properties in an ambient dry state as compared to conventional hydroxide exchange membranes or ionomers. Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells and hydroxide exchange membrane electrolyzers comprising the poly(aryl alkylene) polymers with pendant piperidinium-functionalized groups exhibit enhanced performance and durability at relatively high temperatures.

A hydrogen production system according to the present invention can reduce the power consumed for hydrogen production, has no consumption of cell potential, and can produce hydrogen even by spontaneous reaction to show high hydrogen production efficiency. Furthermore, a composite electrode separator according to the present invention is configured such that an electrode part, a gas-liquid diffusion layer, and a separation plate as a plurality of parts are integrated into one element while the hydrogen production system is included in the electrode part, so that the application of the composite electrode separator to a stack can reduce the number of parts applied to the stack to simplify stack assembling and reduce the stack volume and can increase the operation current density due to a reduction in electrolyte resistance, thereby enabling high-efficiency and high-current driving. Furthermore, a composite hydrogen production stack according to the present invention can not only produce hydrogen gas and electric power together or produce only electric power by adjusting the amount of oxygen, but also produce only hydrogen gas through ammonia water electrolysis. Furthermore, an ammonia fuel cell according to the present invention, by using ammonia as fuel, is an eco-friendly energy source and relatively easy to supply as fuel, has a narrower explosion range than hydrogen, can be liquefied at a low pressure to be easy to store and transport, facilitates leakage detection due to the distinctive smell of ammonia, and can attain wastewater disposal and electricity production simultaneously when ammonia wastewater is utilized.