An alkaline electrochemical cell has a central cathode having a corresponding cathode current collector electrically connected with a positive terminal of the electrochemical cell. The cathode current collector has a tubular shape, such as a cylindrical shape or rectangular shape, extending parallel with the length of the central cathode. The cathode current collector is embedded within the central cathode, such as at a medial point of a radius of the central cathode, thereby minimizing the distance between the cathode current collector and any portion of the central cathode, thereby increasing the mechanical strength of the cathode and facilitating charge transfer to the cathode current collector.

An electrochemical reactor includes positive and negative electrodes. A conductive and/or dielectric liquid is provided between the positive and negative electrodes. A first isolation member provided on the positive electrode isolates the positive electrode from the liquid, and a second isolation member provided on the negative electrode isolates the negative electrode from the liquid. The first and second isolation member each includes a liquid-repellent porous membrane. The reactor further includes a pressure-applying member which pressurizes the liquid to fill the pores of the first and second liquid-repellent porous membranes with the liquid, thereby causing an electrochemical reaction involving the positive and negative electrodes.

Alkaline electrochemical cells are provided, wherein a long-chain surfactant is included in at least one component of the cell in order to delay anode shutdown. Methods for preparing such cells are also provided.

Alkaline electrochemical cells are provided, wherein dissolved zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide is included at least in the free electrolyte solution, and/or solid zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide is included in the anode, so as to slow formation of a zinc oxide passivation layer on a zinc electrode. Methods for preparing such cells are also provided.

Disclosed and described herein are systems and methods of energy generation from fabric electrochemistry. An electrical cell is created when electrodes (cathodes and anodes) are ‘printed’ on or otherwise embedded into fabrics to generate DC power when moistened by a conductive bodily liquid such as sweat, wound, fluid, etc. The latter acts, in turn, as the cell's electrolyte. A singular piece of fabric can be configured into multiple cells by dividing regions of the fabric with hydrophobic barriers and having at least one anode-cathode set in each region. Flexible inter-connections between the cells can be used to scale the generated power, per the application requirements.

A base cell structure includes a containment ring defining an opening extending therethrough. An inner wall of the containment ring defines a perimeter limit of a base cell volume. The containment ring provides a liquid-impermeable casing at the perimeter limit. A first set of active particles is disposed in the base cell volume of a first base cell structure to form an anode cell. A second set of active particles is disposed in the base cell volume of a second base cell structure to form a cathode cell. The anode cell and the cathode cell are assembled together with a separator disposed between. Two electrode plates are disposed on the assembly, one adjacent to the anode cell and one adjacent to the cathode cell, to respectively provide an anode electrode plate and a cathode electrode plate which are disposed on opposite outer sides of the assembly.

The present application is directed to systems, methods and devices which utilize plant based materials as an electrolyte in a power source. Embodiments may process leaves to form materials to be included in one or more of a liquid, paste, or paper-based battery cell. In some embodiments the leaf-based materials may be the primary electrolyte in the battery cell, while in other embodiments the leaf-based materials may be combined with other materials to provide for the chemical materials within the battery cell. In additional embodiments, the leaves may be processed with a textile or leather material to form a wearable cell.

A metal-ion battery is provided. The metal-ion secondary battery includes a first chamber, a second chamber, and a control element. A positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a first electrolyte are disposed within the first chamber. A second electrolyte is disposed within the second chamber, and wherein components and/or concentration of the first electrolyte are different from those of the second electrolyte. The control element determines whether to introduce the second electrolyte disposed within the second chamber into the first chamber via a first pipeline.

Various embodiments are directed to an electrochemical cell having a non-homogeneous anode. The electrochemical cell includes a container, a cathode forming a hollow cylinder within the container, an anode positioned within the hollow cylinder of the cathode, and a separator between the cathode and the anode. The anode comprises at least two concentric anode portions, defined by different anode characteristics. For example, the two anode portions may contain different surfactant types, which provides the two anode portions with different charge transfer resistance characteristics. By lowering the charge transfer resistance of a portion of an anode located proximate the current collector of the cell (and away from the separator) relative to an anode portion located adjacent the separator, improved cell discharge performance may be obtained.

An object is to provide a device that operates on a self sustaining power source. A device comprising that operates on a self-sustaining power source includes: 2n electrodes (n is an integer of 2 or more) from a first electrode to a 2n-th electrode; and a medium present between a (2k−1)-th electrode (k is an integer of 1 or more and less than n) and a 2k-th electrode and between a (2n−1)-th electrode and the 2n-th electrode. The 2k-th electrode is connected to a (2k+1)-th electrode, and an impedance between a point in the medium between the (2k−1)-th electrode and the 2k-th electrode and a point in the medium between the (2k+1)-th electrode and a (2k+2)-th electrode is greater than or equal to 5 times each of an impedance between the (2k−1)-th electrode and the 2k-th electrode and an impedance between the (2k+1)-th electrode and the (2k+2)-th electrode.