An article comprising a first gas distribution layer (100), a first gas dispersion layer (200), or a first electrode layer, having first and second opposed major surfaces and a first adhesive layer having first and second opposed major surfaces, wherein the second major surface (102) of the first gas distribution layer (100), the second major surface (202) of the first gas dispersion layer (200), or the first major surface of the first electrode layer, as applicable, has a central area, wherein the first major surface of the first adhesive layer contacts at least the central area of the second major surface of the first gas distribution layer, the second major surface of the first gas dispersion layer, or the first major surface of the first electrode layer, as applicable, and wherein the first adhesive layer comprises a porous network of first adhesive including a continuous pore network extending between the first and second major surfaces of the first adhesive layer. The articles described herein are useful, for example, in membrane electrode assemblies, unitized electrode assemblies, and electrochemical devices (e.g., fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and electrolyzers).

The present specification relates to a compound comprising an aromatic ring, a polymer comprising the same, a polyelectrolyte membrane comprising the same, a membrane-electrode assembly comprising the polyelectrolyte membrane, a fuel cell comprising the membrane-electrode assembly, and a redox flow battery comprising the polyelectrolyte membrane.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel feeder that supplies fuel, a fuel cell stack that generates power through an electrochemical reaction using air and a hydrogen-containing gas generated from the fuel, a temperature sensor that senses the temperature of the fuel cell stack, and a controller. The fuel cell stack has a membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane through which protons can pass, a cathode on one side of the electrolyte membrane, and an anode on the other side of the electrolyte membrane. The controller defines an upper limit of current output from the fuel cell stack on the basis of the temperature of the fuel cell stack and the supply of the fuel and keeps the current output from the fuel cell stack at or below the upper limit.

The embodiments described and claimed herein are apparatus, systems, and methods for charging an electric vehicle at a stationary service station. In one embodiment, the service station includes a power generation component including at least one fuel cell, a fuel supply component for supplying fuel to the power generation component, a charging component including at least one customer charging station, and a control component for controlling and monitoring the other components and for providing accounting and billing functions.

The invention relates to a method for producing a catalyst coated membrane (19) for a fuel cell (10), wherein the catalyst coated membrane (19) has a membrane (11) and a catalyst layer (12, 13) of a catalytic material arranged on at least one of its flat sides, as well as a nonrectangular active area (20), which is restricted in one direction by two outer sides (30) opposite one another. The method comprises a continuous application of the catalytic material to a membrane material (33) while creating a constant coating width (B) such that an area (35) coated with the catalytic material corresponds to at least the active area (20). A provision is that the membrane material (33) be coated with the catalytic material such that a coating direction (D) has an angle with respect to the opposite outer sides (30) of the active area (20) that is not equal to 90° and not equal to 0°.

To provide electrode catalyst (core-shell catalyst) having an excellent catalyst activity which contributes to lower the cost of the PEFC. The electrode catalyst has catalyst particles supported an a support. The catalyst particle has a core part containing simple Pd and a shell part containing simple Pt. A percentage R.sub.C (atom %) of the carbon of the support and a percentage R.sub.Pd (atom %) of the simple Pd in an analytical region near a surface measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) satisfy the conditions of the following equation (1): 2.15≦[100×R.sub.Pd/(R.sub.Pd+R.sub.C)].

Provided are a method for producing a liquid composition which is capable of eliminating clouding of a liquid with cerium (IV) hydroxide particles in a relatively short time, and methods for producing a polymer electrolyte membrane, a catalyst layer and a membrane/electrode assembly, each having excellent durability, in a relatively short time. A method for producing a liquid composition containing a fluoropolymer having sulfonic acid groups, trivalent cerium ions and water, which comprises (1) irradiating a solution containing at least one cerium compound selected from the group consisting of cerium carbonate, cerium hydroxide and cerium oxide, the fluoropolymer and the water, with light at least partially in a wavelength region from 300 to 400 nm so that the ultraviolet irradiance on the surface of the solution is at least 0.1 mW/cm.sup.2 or (2) adding a reducing agent to a solution containing at least one cerium compound selected from the group consisting of cerium carbonate, cerium hydroxide and cerium oxide, the fluoropolymer and the water.

A fuel cell with high productivity, high power generation performance and high durability is described, along with a gas diffusion electrode base material having a microporous layer on one side of an electrically conductive porous base material, where the electrically conductive porous base material contains carbon fiber and resin carbide and has a density of 0.25 to 0.39 g/cm.sup.3 and a pore mode diameter in a range of 30 to 50 μm. The microporous layer contains a carbonaceous powder and a fluororesin and has a surface roughness of 2.0 to 6.0 μm, a porosity of 50 to 95%, and a pore mode diameter of 0.050 to 0.100 μm.

This anode catalyst layer for a fuel cell contains electrode catalyst particles, a carbon carrier on which the electrode catalyst particles are loaded, water electrolysis catalyst particles, a proton-conducting binder, and graphitized carbon. The graphitized carbon has a bulk density of 0.50/cm.sup.3 or less.

The invention relates to a fuel cell stack having a variety of individual cells stacked up to form a stack, having at least one humidifier section integrated into the stack and arranged at one end of the individual cells as an electrochemical section. The invention is characterized in that a heat exchanger section is arranged on the side of the at least one humidifier section facing away from the electrochemical section, wherein flow plates for distributing fluids in at least three sections of the stack have the same external geometry.