A battery cell with a galvanic cell, a first semiconductor switching element, a first cell connector electrically coupled directly to a first potential connector of the galvanic cell, and a second cell connector electrically coupled to a second potential connector of the galvanic cell via the first semiconductor switching element. The battery cell further has a third cell connector electrically coupled to the second potential connector of the galvanic cell, a second semiconductor switching element, and a fourth cell connector electrically coupled to the first potential connector of the galvanic cell via the second semiconductor switching element. A third semiconductor switching element is connected between the third cell connector and the fourth cell connector which primarily serves to switch individual battery cells out of the system regardless of the (activation or deactivation) state of the predecessor as well as successor cells.

Disclosed are a mixed battery group and battery grouping method. The mixed battery group forms a battery group via a serial connection between a primary power supply battery sub-group and an auxiliary power supply battery sub-group, wherein a unit voltage rated capacity of the auxiliary power supply battery sub-group is higher than that of the primary power supply battery sub-group. The mixed battery group provides an entire voltage output of a whole battery group to supply power outwards, and also provides one or more auxiliary power supply having a voltage lower than the entire voltage of the whole battery group to supply power outwards.

One embodiment provides a device, including: a device housing; a display device disposed in the device housing; a main battery disposed in the device housing; a supplemental battery operatively coupled to the main battery in a parasitic arrangement, wherein the main battery draws power from the supplemental battery; and a processor operatively coupled to the display device. Other aspects are described and claimed.

A battery system comprising positive and negative charge-discharge terminals, first and second batteries, first and second unidirectional switches, and a bridging switch. The first battery and the first unidirectional switch are connected in series across the charge-discharge terminals such that the first unidirectional switch provides a conductive path from the positive charge-discharge terminal to a positive terminal of the first battery. The second battery and the second unidirectional switch are connected in series across the charge-discharge terminals such that the second unidirectional switch provides a conductive path from the negative terminal of the second battery to the negative charge-discharge terminal. The batteries and the bridging switch are connected in series across the charge-discharge terminals, with the bridging switch being located between the positive terminal of the first battery and the negative terminal of the second battery.

An electrochemical device including a positive electrode current collector; a first protruding portion including a plurality of positive electrodes in electrical contact with the positive electrode current collector, and a first dented portion disposed between each positive electrode of the plurality of positive electrodes; an electrolyte layer including a second protruding portion and a second dented portion respectively disposed on the first protruding portion including the plurality of positive electrodes and the first dented portion disposed between each positive electrode of the plurality of positive electrodes; and a negative electrode current collector layer including a third protruding portion and a third dented portion respectively disposed on the second protruding portion and the second dented portion of the electrolyte layer.

A battery pack includes a plurality of battery modules that includes a plurality of battery cells, a battery cell holder, a second-electrode assembly including a plurality of second-electrode bus bar plates, a first-electrode assembly, and a cover. The first-electrode assembly includes a plurality of first-electrode bus bar plates, a first-electrode terminal, a second-electrode terminal connected to one of the plurality of second-electrode bus bar plates, and an inter-electrode bus bar connecting the second-electrode bus bar plate and one of the first-electrode bus bar plate and the first-electrode terminal. The first-electrode assembly is in a first pattern or a second pattern. An arrangement of the first-electrode terminal and the second-electrode terminal in the battery module differs according to the pattern of the first-electrode assembly.

A battery holder containing 2 or more batteries connected to allow multiple voltage outputs. Each output being protected by an automatically resettable circuit to limit maximum current under all possible external connections and sound an alarm or produce a visual indication or both if any output current is exceeded. Protection and alarm are designed to sense current levels and work in holders with weak batteries, alkaline cells, mercury cells, lithium cells, rechargeable cells, and any cell with voltage greater than 1 volt. Protection and alarm will also work when battery holder has some batteries not installed. Protection circuits are not part of the batteries and remain with the battery holder when batteries are changed.

A lithium-ion cell includes two working electrodes which are located opposite one another and have different polarities and between which a separator which electrically insulates the working electrodes with respect to one another and is permeable to lithium ions is arranged in an electrolyte space. A lithium-containing reservoir electrode is in contact with the electrolyte space in such a way that electronic isolation is provided and lithium ions are exchanged, wherein by way of a measuring and control circuit which connects the reservoir electrode to at least one of the working electrodes a voltage can be measured between the reservoir electrode and the working electrode and a voltage can be applied between the reservoir electrode and the working electrode. The reservoir electrode is of porous design and is arranged between two insulation layers of the separator which provide electronic isolation and are permeable to lithium ions.

Lithium-metal batteries with improved dimensional stability are presented along with methods of manufacture. The lithium-metal batteries incorporate an anode cell that reduces dimensional changes during charging and discharging. The anode cell includes a container having a first portion and a second portion to form an enclosed cavity. The first portion is electrically-conductive and chemically-stable to lithium metal. The second portion is permeable to lithium ions and chemically-stable to lithium metal. The anode cell also includes an anode comprising lithium metal and disposed within the cavity. The anode is in contact with the first portion and the second portion. The cavity is configured such that volumetric expansion and contraction of the anode during charging and discharging is accommodated entirely therein.

A rechargeable battery jump starting device with a control switch (e.g. rotary control switch) and an optical position sensing switch system to determine the position of the control switch. The optical position sensing switch system includes an optical position sensor using optical coupling to insure the integrity of isolation on the 12V to 24V master switch to allow for a safe and effective operation, and configured so that the microcontroller unit reads the position on the master switch.