Alkaline electrochemical cells are provided, wherein a conductive carbon is included in the cell's cathode in order to decrease resistivity of the cathode, so as to improve the discharge of the cell, particularly in high drain applications. The conductive carbon may comprise carbon nanotubes and/or graphene. Methods for preparing such cells are also provided.

Alkaline electrochemical cells are provided, wherein a conductive carbon is included in the cell's cathode in order to decrease resistivity of the cathode, so as to improve the discharge of the cell, particularly in high drain applications. The conductive carbon may comprise carbon nanotubes and/or graphene. Methods for preparing such cells are also provided.

Soft solid-state electrolyte compositions for secondary electrochemical cell include a metal salt dispersed or doped in a soft solid matrix. Methods for synthesizing the compositions include doping a solid matrix with a metal salt. The matrix includes an organic cation and a first boron cluster anion. Methods for optimizing the electrolytes include construction of electrolyte libraries and screening of the libraries for a desired property.

A battery includes: an electrode group including an air electrode and a negative electrode that are stacked with a separator interposed therebetween; and a container housing the electrode group together with an alkaline electrolyte liquid. The air electrode includes a catalyst for an air electrode. This catalyst for an air electrode is a catalyst for an air electrode including an oxide containing at least bismuth (Bi), ruthenium (Ru), sodium (Na), and oxygen, and Na/(Ru+Bi+Na) representing an atomic ratio of the sodium to a sum of the bismuth, the ruthenium, and the sodium is 0.126 or more and 0.145 or less.

A battery includes: an electrode group including an air electrode and a negative electrode that are stacked with a separator interposed therebetween; and a container housing the electrode group together with an alkaline electrolyte liquid. The air electrode includes a catalyst for an air electrode. This catalyst for an air electrode is a catalyst for an air electrode including an oxide containing at least bismuth (Bi), ruthenium (Ru), sodium (Na), and oxygen, and Na/(Ru+Bi+Na) representing an atomic ratio of the sodium to a sum of the bismuth, the ruthenium, and the sodium is 0.126 or more and 0.145 or less.

A dual electrolyte battery comprises a cathode, an anode, a catholyte in contact with the cathode, and an anolyte in contact with the anode. The catholyte comprises a first gelled electrolyte solution, and the anolyte comprises a second gelled electrolyte solution. A concentration of an electrolyte in the anolyte is higher than a concentration of the electrolyte in the catholyte.

A dual electrolyte battery comprises a cathode, an anode, a catholyte in contact with the cathode, and an anolyte in contact with the anode. The catholyte comprises a first gelled electrolyte solution, and the anolyte comprises a second gelled electrolyte solution. A concentration of an electrolyte in the anolyte is higher than a concentration of the electrolyte in the catholyte.

A battery comprises a housing, an electrolyte disposed in the housing, a cathode disposed in the housing, an anode disposed in the housing and comprising an anode material comprising: zinc or zinc oxide, an electrocoagulant material selected from the group consisting of: aluminum, iron, titanium, calcium, zirconium, a hydroxide thereof, a salt thereof, an oxide thereof, and a combination thereof, and a binder.

A secondary battery according to an embodiment includes a cathode, an anode, and an alkaline aqueous solution. The cathode has an active material containing a nickel compound. The alkaline aqueous solution is in contact with the cathode and the anode. The product of a valence and a molar amount per 1 dm.sup.3 of complex ions is −2.0 or less.

A secondary battery according to an embodiment includes a cathode, an anode, and an alkaline aqueous solution. The cathode has an active material containing a nickel compound. The alkaline aqueous solution is in contact with the cathode and the anode. The product of a valence and a molar amount per 1 dm.sup.3 of complex ions is −2.0 or less.