Provided is a terminal assembly for an electrochemical battery comprising a terminal connector; a conductive flat-plate with an electrically conducting perimeter; an electrically insulating tape member; and a terminal bipolar electrode plate. The electrically insulating tape member is in between the conductive flat-plate and the terminal bipolar electrode plate such that the electrically insulating tape member does not cover the entire surface area of the conductive flat-plate. The electrically conducting perimeter enables bi-directional uniform current flow through the conductive flat-plate between the terminal connector and the terminal bipolar electrode plate. Also provided is a battery frame member for a static rechargeable battery comprising a liquid diversion system; a gutter; a sealing member; a gas channel; and a ventilation hole. Also provided is a static rechargeable electrochemical battery comprising a pair of terminal assemblies, at least one bipolar electrode interposed between the pair of terminal assemblies, and a battery frame member.

The production of a porous copper-zinc structure includes providing copper ink, creating a 3D model of the porous copper-zinc structure, 3D printing the copper ink into a porous copper lattice structure using the 3D model, heat treatment of the porous copper lattice structure producing a heat treated porous copper lattice structure, surface modification of the heat treated porous copper lattice structure by nanowires growth on the heat treated porous copper lattice structure producing a heat treated porous copper lattice structure with nanowires, and electrodeposition of zinc onto the heat treated porous copper lattice structure with nanowires to produce the porous copper-zinc structure.

Provided is a mixed polyhalide initial electrolyte for a static zinc halide battery. Also provided is a method for fabricating a static battery cell comprising the steps of: providing an initial electrolyte comprising one or more source for chloride ions and one or more source for bromide ions, wherein the one or more source for chloride ions and the one or more source for bromide ions are provided in a predetermined ratio selected to yield a target amount of mixed polyhalide upon charge of the initial electrolyte; and forming an electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode and the initial electrolyte.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrolytic solution having high oxidation decomposition potential, where dissolution and deposition of magnesium proceed repeatedly and stably, using a non-nucleophilic alkoxide-type magnesium salt. The present invention relates to (1) an electrolytic solution for a magnesium battery comprising a mixture of a compound represented by the following general formula (I), a Lewis acid and a solvent: ##STR00001## (2) an electrochemical device comprising the electrolytic solution, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and (3) a compound represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR00002##

The present invention provides an aqueous electrolyte for use in rechargeable zinc-halide storage batteries that possesses improved stability and durability and improves zinc-halide battery performance. One aspect of the present invention provides an electrolyte for use in a secondary zinc bromine electrochemical cell comprising from about 30 wt % to about 40 wt % of ZnBr.sub.2 by weight of the electrolyte; from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of KBr; from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of KCl; and one or more quaternary ammonium agents, wherein the electrolyte comprises from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of the one or more quaternary ammonium agents.

A negative electrode for a zinc battery is disclosed. The negative electrode comprises: a plate-like negative electrode core member; and a negative electrode mixture layer formed on at least one main surface of the negative electrode core member. The negative electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode mixture. The negative electrode mixture includes zinc particles formed from at least one of zinc and a zinc alloy. On the at least one main surface of the negative electrode core member, a number of deformed areas in which a change in a length in a thickness direction of the negative electrode core member with respect to a reference exceeds 50 ?m is 2.4 or less per square millimeter.

Particular embodiments described herein provide for a privacy cover in an electronic device. The battery system can be configured to monitoring one or more condition of a battery using a battery electrolyte controller that is separate from the battery, adjusting one or more properties of an electrolyte in an electrolyte conduit, where the electrolyte conduit is coupled to an inlet and an outlet on the battery, and activating a pump to move the electrolyte with the adjusted one or more properties into the battery.

The present invention provides a terminal assembly, and storage batteries comprising a terminal assembly, wherein the terminal assembly comprises a conductive cup-shaped member comprising a terminal wall in electric communication with a terminal of the electrochemical cell when the terminal wall is in contact with the terminal; a sidewall; and a rim separated from the terminal wall by the sidewall; and a bipolar endplate having first and second surfaces parallel with the terminal wall and joining to the rim at the first surface, the joining enabling bi-directional uniform current flow through the cup-shaped member between the terminal and the endplate when the terminal wall is in contact with the terminal, the endplate having an electrochemically active region comprising a first surface area enclosed by the rim and a remaining second surface area outside an outer periphery of the rim, the first and second surface areas being substantially equal.

The present invention provides an aqueous electrolyte for use in rechargeable zinc-halide storage batteries that possesses improved stability and durability and improves zinc-halide battery performance (e.g., energy efficiency, Coulombic efficiency, and/or the like). One aspect of the present invention provides an electrolyte for use in a secondary zinc bromine electrochemical cell comprising from about 30 wt % to about 40 wt % of ZnBr.sub.2 by weight of the electrolyte; from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of KBr; from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of KCl; and one or more quaternary ammonium agents, wherein the electrolyte comprises from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of the one or more quaternary ammonium agents.

The present invention provides an aqueous electrolyte for use in rechargeable zinc-halide storage batteries that possesses improved stability and durability and improves zinc-halide battery performance. One aspect of the present invention provides an electrolyte for use in a secondary zinc bromine electrochemical cell comprising from about 30 wt % to about 40 wt % of ZnBr.sub.2 by weight of the electrolyte; from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of KBr; from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of KCl; and one or more quaternary ammonium agents, wherein the electrolyte comprises from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of the one or more quaternary ammonium agents.