A convection enhanced energy storage system includes an electrochemical cell with a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode, a tank holding an electrolyte, and a pump connected to the electrochemical cell and the tank to circulate the electrolyte. The electrochemical cell has large and values, which has high transport resistance from diffusion and there is limited salt in the electrolyte solution to compensate. A computer system can implement a model of a convection enhanced energy storage system, for example for simulation to select parameters for such an energy storage system. The model includes: a convection term in a Nernst-Planck equation representing the convection enhanced energy storage system; boundary conditions of a cell of the convection enhanced energy storage system to account for forced convection at boundaries; gauging conservation of anions within an external tank; and calculating electrode active area as a function of porosity.

A flow battery comprising a first tank for an anode electrolyte, a second tank for a cathode electrolyte, respective hydraulic circuits provided with corresponding pumps for supplying electrolytes to specific planar cells, provided with channels on the two mutually opposite faces for the independent conveyance of the electrolytes, mutually separated by electrolytic membranes and electrodes, the planar cells constituting a laminar pack, on at least one front of the laminar pack there being an end plate provided, on a first face, with at least one channel for the access of the electrolytes that arrive from the laminar pack, with at least one discharge channel for the conveyance of the electrolytes that originate from the access channel to at least one outlet that is connected to a respective tank, and at least one mixing channel.

The invention provides novel high-energy density and low-cost flow electrochemical devices incorporating solid-flow electrodes, and further provides methods of using such electrochemical devices. Included are anode and cathode current collector foils that can be made to move during discharge or recharge of the device. Solid-flow devices according to the invention provide improved charging capability due to direct replacement of the conventional electrode stack, higher volumetric and gravimetric energy density, and reduced battery cost due to reduced dimensions of the ion-permeable layer.

A rechargeable battery including: a first electrode; a second electrode; an ion transfer medium; and an electric motor; wherein the first and second electrodes are connected by the ion transfer medium that facilitates ion movements between the first and second electrodes; and wherein the first electrode is rotatable and the electric motor is configured to rotate the first electrode during a charge operation to stimulate the movement of ions from the first electrode to the second electrode.

A system for controlling, in a marine environment, a thermostatic valve coupled to an electrochemical type of electric power source, the thermostatic valve being provided with: a valve body; a first fluid inlet receiving a hot electrolytic fluid; a second fluid inlet receiving a cold electrolytic fluid; an outlet providing a mixed electrolytic fluid, resulting from mixing the hot and cold electrolytic fluids; and an adjusting element, which may be controlled to regulate the mixing. A control unit receives a reference temperature signal, variable over time, and a temperature measurement signal from a temperature sensor connected to the outlet of the thermostatic valve; and executes a control algorithm implementing fuzzy logic for generating a control signal for the adjusting element, as a function of the reference temperature signal, to reduce an error between the temperature measurement signal and the reference temperature signal.

The present invention provides an intake circulatory system for a zinc air fuel cell, including a housing, a zinc air cell, an air supply system and an air collecting system. The housing is partitioned on the inside of the intake circulatory system for a zinc air fuel cell to form a first space and a second space. The zinc air cell is assembled on the inside of the housing, and includes a discharging region that is located in the first space and a charging region that is located in the second space. Moreover, the air supply system includes an air supply device and an air intake device that is in connection with the air supply device and the first space. In addition, the air collecting system includes an air collecting device that is in connection with the air intake device, and at least one air output pipe exists in between the air collecting device and the second space. Further, in accordance with the present invention, the air supply device transmits external air to the first space via the air intake device. The discharging region of the zinc air cell has a chemical reaction with oxygen from the external air to generate electricity. The charging region produces oxygen by generating electricity to perform a reduction reaction. The air collecting device absorbs oxygen and also transmits the oxygen to the air intake device. The external air and the oxygen are mixed and subsequently enter the first space. As such, the power supply efficiency of the discharging region is increased in accordance with the present invention.

An embodiment of the present application provides an electrode assembly, a battery cell, a battery, and an electrode assembly manufacturing method and device, which belong to the technical field of batteries. The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate being wound in a winding direction and forming a winding structure. The positive electrode plate comprises a plurality of first active substance layer regions and at least one first inactive substance layer region; and in an axial direction of the winding structure, the first inactive substance layer region is located between two adjacent first active substance layer regions, wherein, the first inactive substance layer region is provided with a first guide flow through hole, and the first guide flow through hole is configured to penetrate both sides in a thickness direction of the positive electrode plate.

Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide metal air electrochemical cell architectures. Various embodiments may provide a battery, such as an unsealed battery or sealed battery, with an open cell arrangement configured such that a liquid electrolyte layer separates a metal electrode from an air electrode. In various embodiments, the electrolyte may be disposed within one or more vessel of the battery such that electrolyte serves as a barrier between a metal electrode and gaseous oxygen. Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide for removing a metal electrode from electrolyte to prevent self-discharge of the metal electrode. Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a three electrode battery configured to operate each in a discharge mode, but with two distinct electrochemical reactions occurring at each electrode.

The present disclosure details header flow divider designs and methods of electrolyte distribution. Internal header flow dividers may include multiple flow channels and may be built into flow frames. Flow channels within internal header flow dividers may divide evenly multiple times in order to form multiple flow channel paths and provide a uniform distribution of electrolytes throughout electrode sheets within electrochemical cells. Furthermore, uniform electrolyte distribution across electrode sheets may not only enhance battery performance, but also prevent zinc dendrites that may be formed in electrode sheets. The prevention of zinc dendrite growth in electrode sheets may increase operating lifetime of flow batteries. The disclosed internal header flow dividers may also be included within end caps of electrochemical cells.

A metal-air battery may include a housing, at least one cathode disposed in the housing between an air space and an electrolyte space, and at least one metal anode disposed in the electrolyte space. The battery may also include an air path leading through the housing from an air inlet to an air outlet of the housing, both of which may be fluidically connected to the air space, and an air supply device for generating an air flow which may follow the air path and act upon the cathode. The battery may further include an electrolyte path leading through the housing from an electrolyte inlet to an electrolyte outlet of the housing, both of which may be fluidically connected to the electrolyte space, and an electrolyte supply device for producing an electrolyte flow which may follow the electrolyte path and act upon the anode and the cathode.