A battery apparatus includes: a plurality of battery cells; a battery management system (BMS) for managing the plurality of battery cells; and a connection controller for sequentially connecting the plurality of battery cells to the BMS, and the connection controller connects a corresponding battery cell to the BMS according to a potential of a lower battery cell and a potential of the corresponding battery cell.

A device for charging and discharging a battery cell, and a method of charging and discharging a battery cell are provided. The device includes a pair of jigs configured to fix respective electrode leads of the battery cell. Each jig includes a first jig block configured to press a first surface of a corresponding electrode lead of the battery cell, a second jig block configured to press a second surface of the corresponding electrode lead facing the first surface of the corresponding electrode lead, a first jig block control unit connected to the first jig block to move the first jig block toward the first surface of the corresponding electrode lead, and an interval adjusting member arranged between the first and second jig blocks to control an interval between the first and second jig blocks.

A battery management system includes a voltage measurement circuit for generating a voltage signal indicating a cell voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and a controller. The controller determines an observation matrix including a plurality of observation voltage vectors indicating a voltage history of each of the plurality of battery cells in a moving window having a predetermined size based on the voltage signal. The controller determines a recovery matrix including a plurality of recovery voltage vectors corresponding to the plurality of observation voltage vectors in a one-to-one relationship. The controller detects an abnormality of each of the plurality of battery cells based on a plurality of absolute error vectors indicating a difference between the plurality of observation voltage vectors and the plurality of recovery voltage vectors.

A battery management apparatus includes: a profile generating unit configured to obtain a battery profile representing a correspondence between voltage and capacity of a battery and generate a differential profile representing a correspondence between a differential voltage for the capacity of the battery and the capacity or a correspondence between a differential capacity for the voltage of the battery and the voltage based on the obtained battery profile; and a control unit configured to receive the generated differential profile from the profile generating unit, determine a target peak included in the received differential profile according to a rule corresponding to a type of the received differential profile, and determine a state of the battery based on a behavior change of the target peak with respect to a reference peak preset to correspond to the type of the received differential profile.

A module strain estimating apparatus, including: a module information obtaining unit configured to obtain a plurality of numerical information for a battery module; and a processor configured to: receive the plurality of numerical information from the module information obtaining unit, generate a first profile representing a correspondence between a force applied from the inside to the outside of the battery module and a strain of the battery module, and a second profile representing a correspondence between the force and a stress of the battery module based on a preset learning module and the plurality of numerical information, generate a third profile representing a correspondence between the strain and the stress of the battery module based on the first profile and the second profile, and estimate the strain of the battery module according to the stress of the battery module based on the third profile.

A method is for replacing a rechargeable battery that is considered as an unsatisfactory rechargeable battery that needs replacing in an assembled battery in which rechargeable batteries are stacked and restrained in a row and electrically connected in series or in parallel. The method includes removing of finding at least one of the rechargeable batteries to be an unsatisfactory rechargeable battery in the assembled battery and removing the unsatisfactory rechargeable battery, and installing a satisfactory rechargeable battery, which has little deterioration, on at least one end of the row of the rechargeable batteries, in a row direction, in the assembled battery from which the unsatisfactory rechargeable battery has been removed.

A battery may include: a battery cell; a housing to accommodate the battery cell, where the housing may include a pressure relief structure to release, out of the housing, emissions induced by thermal runaway of the battery cell; and a charging connector to be electrically connected to the battery cell. The charging connector may include a body portion disposed on a side that is of the housing and that is oriented back from the battery cell, and covers the pressure relief structure. The emissions induced by thermal runaway of the battery cell are able to pass through the pressure relief structure and act on the body portion so that at least a part of the body portion may be triggered to move away from the battery cell to electrically disconnect the charging connector from the battery cell.

A battery pack includes: battery cells; and a measurement circuit unit to measure temperature information of the battery cells, the measurement circuit unit including: a first measurement circuit unit including a first type temperature measurement element; and a second measurement circuit unit including a second type temperature measurement element having a different characteristic of a resistance change according to a temperature change from that of the first type temperature measurement element. The first measurement circuit unit and the second measurement circuit unit are on a common base substrate, or on different individual base substrates from each other.

A charging cabinet includes a power conversion circuit, an input interface, and a plurality of output interfaces. An input end of the power conversion circuit is connected to the input interface. The power conversion circuit converts an alternating current supplied by an alternating current power grid into a direct current, and then charges a plurality of battery packs by using the direct current.

A method for detecting thermal runaway of a cell includes: positioning a battery pack having multiple cells in an automobile vehicle; measuring a cell voltage of the multiple cells at a predetermined sample rate; and identifying if the cell voltage decreases and modulates coincident with a cell surface temperature increase indicating initiation of a cell short.