An anode active material for lithium secondary battery includes a secondary particle formed by agglomerating primary particles, an average diameter of the primary particles is in a range from 5 μm to 15 μm, and an average diameter of the secondary particle is in a range from 10 μm to about 25 μm. The primary particles include an artificial graphite, and an I(110)/I(002) of the secondary particle is in a range from about 0.0075 to 0.012.

An all-solid-state secondary battery including: a cathode including a cathode active material layer; an anode including an anode current collector, and an anode active material layer on the anode current collector, wherein the anode active material layer includes an anode active material which is alloyable with lithium or forms a compound with lithium; and a solid electrolyte layer between the cathode and the anode, wherein a ratio of an initial charge capacity (b) of the anode active material layer to an initial charge capacity (a) of the cathode active material layer satisfies a condition of Equation 1: 0.01 <(b/a)<0.5, wherein a is the initial charge capacity of the cathode active material layer determined from a first open circuit voltage to a maximum charging voltage, and b is the initial charge capacity of the anode active material layer determined from a second open circuit voltage to 0.01 volts vs. Li/Li.sup.+.

To provide a nonaqueous electrolytic storage element, which contains: a positive electrode, which contains a positive electrode material layer including a positive electrode active material capable of reversibly accumulating and releasing anions; a negative electrode, which contains a negative electrode material layer including a negative electrode active material capable of reversibly accumulating and releasing cations; a separator provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and a nonaqueous electrolyte containing an electrolyte salt, wherein a pore volume of the negative electrode material layer per unit area of the negative electrode is larger than a pore volume of the positive electrode material layer per unit area of the positive electrode.

Provided herein is an electrochemical cell designed for high current discharge, which includes a cathode strip, an anode strip, and at least two separator strips, being longitudinally stacked to form an electrodes set that is folded into at least four segments and designed to exhibit a ratio of its nominal capacity per its active area lower than 12 mAh/cm.sup.2, such that the cell is characterized by a discharge efficiency at room temperature of at least 30% to a cut-off voltage of ⅔ of its original voltage at a discharge current of 1,250 mA. Also provided are process of manufacturing, and uses of the cell, which is particularly useful in high drain-rate applications as charging a cellular phone.

Provided is a lithium ion battery whose manufacturing process is simple and which has high energy density and heat resistance. A lithium ion battery capable of storing and releasing lithium ions, and being provided with a separator between a positive electrode and a negative electrode having irreversible capacity at the initial charge/discharge, and having a structure in which void portions in the separator are filled with a nonaqueous electrolytic solution including lithium ions, wherein a positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode has a first charge-discharge efficiency of 80% to 90% when charged/discharged using metal Li as an counter electrode; a negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode includes a mixed material of a silicon compound and a carbon material; in the negative electrode, lithium corresponding to an irreversible capacity at the initial charge/discharge is not doped; a capacity ratio of the negative electrode to the positive electrode at the initial electric charge capacity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is 0.95 or more and 1 or less; the positive electrode binder contained in the positive electrode is an aqueous binder; the negative electrode binder contained in the negative electrode is a polyimide; and the nonaqueous electrolyte contains lithium bis(oxalate) borate.

Provided herein is an electrochemical cell designed for high current discharge, which includes a cathode strip, an anode strip, and at least two separator strips, being longitudinally stacked to form an electrodes set that is folded into at least four segments and designed to exhibit a ratio of its nominal capacity per its active area lower than 12 mAh/cm.sup.2, such that the cell is characterized by a discharge efficiency at room temperature of at least 30% to a cut-off voltage of ⅔ of its original voltage at a discharge current of 1,250 mA. Also provided are process of manufacturing, and uses of the cell, which is particularly useful in high drain-rate applications as charging a cellular phone.

The inventive concepts relate to a method of manufacturing a hybrid metal pattern and a hybrid metal pattern manufactured thereby. In the method, the hybrid metal pattern may be manufactured on a substrate (e.g., a flexible substrate), formed of various materials, at room temperature without damaging the substrate, by a wire explosion method in liquid and light-sintering. In more detail, when performing the wire explosion method in liquid according to conditions of the inventive concepts, metal particles having uniform nano-sizes and uniform micro-sizes can be formed by a simple process, and additional dispersing and collecting processes can be omitted. In addition, conductive hybrid ink is formed by adding a metal precursor and then is light-sintered. In this case, the hybrid metal pattern can be manufactured by a very simple process.

An electrode assembly includes: a plurality of first electrodes, each including a first electrode portion having a first active material layer thereon and a first uncoated region electrically connected to the first electrode portion; a separation membrane including a plurality of receiving portions arranged at intervals and respectively accommodating the first electrode portions, the separation membrane being folded so that surfaces of adjacent ones of the receiving portions face each other; and a plurality of second electrodes respectively positioned between adjacent ones of the receiving portions that face each other to overlap a corresponding one of the first electrode portions. The plurality of second electrodes each include a second electrode portion having a second active material layer thereon and a second uncoated region electrically connected to the second electrode portion.

A metal-ion battery cell is provided that comprises anode and cathode electrodes, a separator, and an electrolyte. The anode electrode may, for example, have a capacity loading in the range of about 2 mAh/cm2 to about 10 mAh/cm2 and comprise anode particles that (i) have an average particle size in the range of about 0.2 microns to about 40 microns, (ii) exhibit a volume expansion in the range of about 8 vol. % to about 180 vol. % during one or more charge-discharge cycles of the battery cell, and (iii) exhibit a specific capacity in the range of about 600 mAh/g to about 2600 mAh/g. The electrolyte may comprise, for example, (i) one or more metal-ion salts and (ii) a solvent composition that comprises one or more low-melting point solvents that each have a melting point below about −70° C. and a boiling point above about +70° C.

A lithium-ion battery includes: a cathode; an anode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, in which the cathode includes a current collector and a cathode mixture applied on at least one side of the current collector, the cathode mixture includes a lithium transition metal oxide as a cathode active material, the anode includes a lithium titanium complex oxide as an anode active material, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes a fluorine-containing boric acid ester.