A battery module includes: a cell stack including a plurality of unit cells arranged in a first direction; and an insulating member around the plurality of unit cells; a plurality of module housings, each of the module housings including a plurality of receiving parts and receiving the cell stack; and a coupling part, and each of the receiving parts includes a fixing wall around the cell stack and having at least a portion which is in contact with the cell stack, and the fixing wall includes end walls at respective sides of each of the receiving parts in the first direction to engage end surfaces of respective sides of the cell stack in the first direction, and the coupling part is configured to be coupled to the coupling part of an adjacent battery module.

A battery manufacturing apparatus includes a binding member for bounding a battery stack and a fluid supplying part for blowing cooling fluid onto the bound battery stack. The binding member includes a first both-side part for bounding batteries from both sides by applying a load thereon in a first direction in which the batteries are arranged, and a second both-side part to be placed on both sides of the batteries to face both side surfaces of the batteries in a second direction different from the first direction. The binding member is formed with apertures through which the cooling fluid flows outward in the second direction. The fluid supplying part includes a first discharging part and a second discharging part for discharging the cooling fluid from both sides in a third direction different from both the first direction and the second direction toward the battery stack bound by the binding member.

An electrode for a secondary cell includes a current collector and an electrode layer. The electrode layer has a gas flow passage disposed on the surface and/or in the interior of the electrode layer. The gas flow passage extends in the in-plane direction of the electrode layer. The electrode layer is made from an electrode layer forming material that contains an electrode active material and an ion conductive liquid and is a non-bonded body. A secondary cell comprises a power generation element having an electrolyte layer, a positive electrode disposed on a first surface side of the electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode disposed on a second surface side on the back of the first surface side of the electrolyte layer; and an outer casing that houses the power generation element. At least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is the electrode for a secondary cell.

An electrode for a secondary cell includes a current collector and an electrode layer. The electrode layer has a gas flow passage disposed on the surface and/or in the interior of the electrode layer. The gas flow passage extends in the in-plane direction of the electrode layer. The electrode layer is made from an electrode layer forming material that contains an electrode active material and an ion conductive liquid and is a non-bonded body. A secondary cell comprises a power generation element having an electrolyte layer, a positive electrode disposed on a first surface side of the electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode disposed on a second surface side on the back of the first surface side of the electrolyte layer; and an outer casing that houses the power generation element. At least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is the electrode for a secondary cell.

A bipolar plate includes a first conductive plate and a second conductive plate. The bipolar plate further includes a substrate between the first and second conductive plates. The bipolar plate further includes a plurality of cooling ducts extending from the first conductive plate, through the substrate, and to the second conductive plate. The cooling ducts are configured to permit the flow of a cooling liquid. The bipolar plate may be used in the assembly of a battery, such as a lead-acid battery or other suitable battery.

A method of producing a powder mass for a lithium battery, comprising: (a) mixing an inorganic filler and an elastomer or its precursor in a liquid medium or solvent to form a suspension; (b) dispersing a plurality of particles of a cathode active material in the suspension to form a slurry; and (c) dispensing the slurry and removing the solvent and/or polymerizing or curing the precursor to form the powder mass, wherein at least a particulate comprises one or a plurality of cathode active material particles being encapsulated by a layer of inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer having a thickness from 1 nm to 10 m, a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 500%, and a lithium ion conductivity from 10.sup.7 S/cm to 510.sup.2 S/cm and the inorganic filler has a lithium intercalation potential from 1.1 V to 4.5 V versus Li/Li.sup.+.

A battery adapter assembly for engine-powered outdoor power equipment including a battery pack, an adapter, a receiver, and a starting motor. The battery pack includes multiple battery cells, a positive terminal, and a negative terminal and is removable and replaceable. The adapter is structured to selectively connect to the battery pack and electrically connect to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery pack. The receiver is structured to selectively receive and electrically connect to the adapter to transfer power from the battery pack to the receiver. The starting motor is structured to start an internal combustion engine and selectively receives power supplied by the battery pack. The adapter is structured to connect to and transfer power from multiple battery packs having different voltages.

A battery adapter assembly for engine-powered outdoor power equipment including a battery pack, an adapter, a receiver, and a starting motor. The battery pack includes multiple battery cells, a positive terminal, and a negative terminal and is removable and replaceable. The adapter is structured to selectively connect to the battery pack and electrically connect to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery pack. The receiver is structured to selectively receive and electrically connect to the adapter to transfer power from the battery pack to the receiver. The starting motor is structured to start an internal combustion engine and selectively receives power supplied by the battery pack. The adapter is structured to connect to and transfer power from multiple battery packs having different voltages.

A synthetic jet actuator includes a cavity layer having an internal cavity for reception of a fluid volume and an orifice providing a fluid communication between the cavity and an external atmosphere; an oscillatory membrane having a piezoelectric material adapted to deflect the oscillatory membrane in response to an electrical signal; and a controller configured to control delivery of electrical signals to the piezoelectric material for controlling operation of the oscillatory membrane based on input data received from one or more sources that informs on a temperature and/or performance level of a targeted objected for cooling. The actuator may further include a thermal element for affecting modified temperature control; and the actuator may be integrated into a surface of a thermally diffusive structure for dissipating heat from a thermal load.

Disclosed are battery cooling apparatus for electric vehicle, method of manufacturing, and an insulator structure for the apparatus including an insulator having a side wall of the insulator define an upper open part, a tube inserted into the upper open part of the insulator, and a gap filler disposed in a space between an upper surface of the tube and the battery cell, wherein the side wall comprises an inner inclined surface inclined inward and a tube accommodation part formed in an inner surface of the side wall to accommodate an outer part of the tube, and a gap filler application space is formed between the battery cell and the tube, when the tube is inserted between the tube accommodation part of the insulator and an inner bottom surface of the insulator, and a top of the side wall being located higher than the upper surface of the tube.