Complementary metamaterial elements provide an effective permittivity and/or permeability for surface structures and/or waveguide structures. The complementary metamaterial resonant elements may include Babinet complements of “split ring resonator” (SRR) and “electric LC” (ELC) metamaterial elements. In some approaches, the complementary metamaterial elements are embedded in the bounding surfaces of planar waveguides, e.g. to implement waveguide based gradient index lenses for beam steering/focusing devices, antenna array feed structures, etc.

There is provided a parallel plate unit cell for a parallel plate arrangement. The parallel plate unit cell comprises a top layer, and a bottom layer. Each of the top layer and the bottom layer has a respective metasurface. The top layer and the bottom layer are arranged in a parallel plate configuration with respect to each other such that the metasurfaces face each other. The top layer and the bottom layer are physically separated by a gap. The gap at least partly is filled with a material having a refractive index n1, where n1>1.2.

A communication device includes a ground plane, an antenna array, and an EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap) structure. The antenna array includes a plurality of antenna elements. The EBG structure includes a plurality of EBG units. The EBG units are coupled to the ground plane. The antenna array is surrounded by the EBG structure. The EBG structure is configured to suppress the front-to-back ratio of the radiation efficiency of the antenna array.

A film includes a substrate having a planar surface attachable to a surface that transmits electromagnetic energy; and a photonic crystal structure formed in the planar substrate that alters the transmitted electromagnetic energy.

An electromagnetic band gap structure apparatus includes a first conducting layer having at least one first slot. Each of the at least one slot is arranged with a planar conductor unit, and the each planar conductor unit is coupled to a first via. The electromagnetic band gap structure apparatus further includes a second conducting layer in parallel with the first conducting layer. The second conducting layer has a second slot. The second slot is arranged with at least one planar transmission line unit. The each of the at least one planar transmission line unit is coupled to the first conducting layer through a second via, and the each first via is coupled to the second conducting layer.

An electronic device includes a substrate, a plurality of conductive patterns, and a tunable element. A plurality of conductive patterns are disposed on the substrate. The tunable element is disposed on at least one conductive pattern in the plurality of conductive patterns and includes a first pad, a second pad, and a third pad. The first pad, the second pad, and the third pad are separated from each other. The first pad and the second pad are overlapped with the at least one conductive pattern in the plurality of conductive patterns. The third pad is disposed between the first pad and the second pad.

A tunable antenna isolator includes a first wall, a second wall, and an electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure located between the first wall and the second wall. The first wall may be a metallic wall or an EBG structure, and the second wall may be a metallic wall or an EBG structure.

The present disclosure relates to a metasurface arrangement including a first metasurface and a second metasurface which run mutually parallel and face each other. Each metasurface includes a corresponding periodic or quasi-periodic structure formed in a respective pattern. The first metasurface is formed in a dielectric material structure and the second metasurface is formed in either a dielectric material structure or in an electrically conducting structure. The periodic or quasi-periodic structure on the first metasurface is configured to yield a first response to an incident electromagnetic wave between the two metasurfaces, and the periodic or quasi-periodic structure on the second metasurface is configured to yield a second response to the incident electromagnetic wave between the two metasurfaces that is equivalent to the first response, thereby rendering the two metasurfaces mutually electromagnetically symmetric.

An electromagnetic bandgap structure includes a plurality of resonators. Each of the resonators includes a dielectric substrate, a patch conductor formed on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a conductor layer formed on a lower surface of the dielectric substrate. The patch conductor and the conductor layer are electrically connected to each other by via holes penetrating the dielectric substrate. A plurality of long holes and are formed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate. A long hole conductor layer is formed on an inner wall surface of the long holes and. The conductor layer and the long hole conductor layer are electrically connected to each other to thereby form an integral conductor surface. The via holes are electrically connected to the conductor surface in the long holes and.

Embodiments of the invention include waveguide switch rotors, stators, waveguide switch housings and meander clamping mechanisms. Embodiments of a meander clamping mechanism may be used to connect arbitrary objects to one another. A meander clamping mechanism is particularly useful for connecting a rotor to a motor shaft and also for securing a bearing between a stator and rotor.