There is provided a quasi-circulator. The quasi-circulator includes: a first coupler having an input end connected to a transmission end; a first amplifier having an input end connected to an output end of the first coupler; a second amplifier having an input end connected to the output end of the first coupler; a second coupler having one end connected to an output end of the first amplifier and an output end of the second amplifier, and the other end connected to an antenna; and a third coupler having one end connected to the output end of the first amplifier and the output end of the second amplifier, and the other end connected to a reception end. Accordingly, a loss occurring at the quasi-circulator is minimized, and eventually, efficiency of an RF FEM employed in an ultrahigh frequency radar system is enhanced.

There is provided a quasi-circulator. The quasi-circulator includes: a first coupler having an input end connected to a transmission end; a first amplifier having an input end connected to an output end of the first coupler; a second amplifier having an input end connected to the output end of the first coupler; a second coupler having one end connected to an output end of the first amplifier and an output end of the second amplifier, and the other end connected to an antenna; and a third coupler having one end connected to the output end of the first amplifier and the output end of the second amplifier, and the other end connected to a reception end. Accordingly, a loss occurring at the quasi-circulator is minimized, and eventually, efficiency of an RF FEM employed in an ultrahigh frequency radar system is enhanced.

Disclosed herein is a non-reciprocal circuit element that includes a magnetic rotator and a permanent magnet that applies a magnetic field to the magnetic rotator. The magnetic rotator includes a ferrite core and a center conductor positioned between the ferrite core and the permanent magnet. The center conductor has an upper surface facing the permanent magnet, a side surface perpendicular to the upper surface, and an upper surface side corner part constituted by an end portion of the upper surface and one end portion of the side surface. A fillet is formed at the upper surface side corner part.

Disclosed herein is a non-reciprocal circuit element that includes a magnetic rotator and a permanent magnet that applies a magnetic field to the magnetic rotator. The magnetic rotator includes a ferrite core and a center conductor positioned between the ferrite core and the permanent magnet. The center conductor has an upper surface facing the permanent magnet, a side surface perpendicular to the upper surface, and an upper surface side corner part constituted by an end portion of the upper surface and one end portion of the side surface. A fillet is formed at the upper surface side corner part.

Systems and methods for delaying an input signal are described. A device can receive an input signal. The device can activate a state of at least one circuit element among a plurality of circuit elements. The plurality of circuit elements can be connected to a plurality of segments of a transmission line. The device can output the input signal to the transmission line. The device can receive a reflection of the input signal. A delay between the reflection and input signal can be based on the activated state of the at least one circuit element among the plurality of circuit elements. The device can output the reflection of the input signal as an output signal.

Systems and methods for delaying an input signal are described. A device can receive an input signal. The device can activate a state of at least one circuit element among a plurality of circuit elements. The plurality of circuit elements can be connected to a plurality of segments of a transmission line. The device can output the input signal to the transmission line. The device can receive a reflection of the input signal. A delay between the reflection and input signal can be based on the activated state of the at least one circuit element among the plurality of circuit elements. The device can output the reflection of the input signal as an output signal.

A method includes receiving a radio frequency (RF) input signal using at least one non-reciprocal circulator. The method also includes generating an RF output signal using at least one of one or more reflective circuit elements. Each reflective circuit element is configured to receive an RF signal from the at least one non-reciprocal circulator and to provide a modified RF signal to the at least one non-reciprocal circulator. The RF output signal represents the RF input signal as modified by the at least one of the one or more reflective circuit elements.

A method includes receiving a radio frequency (RF) input signal using at least one non-reciprocal circulator. The method also includes generating an RF output signal using at least one of one or more reflective circuit elements. Each reflective circuit element is configured to receive an RF signal from the at least one non-reciprocal circulator and to provide a modified RF signal to the at least one non-reciprocal circulator. The RF output signal represents the RF input signal as modified by the at least one of the one or more reflective circuit elements.

A passive circulator utilizing sequentially-switched delay lines (SSDL) in which delay line sections are sequentially turned on and off to achieve non-reciprocity to provide rejection/separations between different signals at the same/similar frequency, such as between a transmitted and received signal. The circulator is well-suited for on-chip integration and can be utilized across a wide frequency range. Various embodiments are described for separating signal waveforms.

A passive circulator utilizing sequentially-switched delay lines (SSDL) in which delay line sections are sequentially turned on and off to achieve non-reciprocity to provide rejection/separations between different signals at the same/similar frequency, such as between a transmitted and received signal. The circulator is well-suited for on-chip integration and can be utilized across a wide frequency range. Various embodiments are described for separating signal waveforms.