Antenna arrays with three-dimensional (3D) radiating elements are provided, as well as methods of manufacturing and methods of using the same. An array can include a ground plane and a plurality of radiating elements disposed thereon, and at least a portion of the radiating elements of the plurality of radiating elements can be 3D radiating elements. The array can optionally include a substrate disposed on the ground plane and having holes for the radiating elements. The 3D radiating elements can include, for example, conical elements such as a hollow conical element, a full conical element, a hollow and discretized conical element, or a combination thereof.

Base station antennas are provided that include a reflector assembly and a radiating element. The reflector assembly includes a reflector. The radiating element extends forwardly from the reflector. The reflector includes a nonmetallic substrate, and a metal layer mounted on the substrate.

A wireless communication device includes at least one antenna configured to transmit or receive a signal, and a frequency selection surface arranged adjacent to the at least one antenna and configured to diffract the signal generated from the at least one antenna, wherein the frequency selection surface includes a transparent substrate on which a plurality of unit cells are defined, and a plurality of conductive patterns arranged in the plurality of unit cells, respectively.

A signal isolation device includes at least one electromagnetic band-gap unit. The at least one electromagnetic band-gap unit includes a substrate, a metal foil main body, and a plurality of T-shaped metal foil features. The metal foil main body is disposed on the substrate, and the metal foil main body is square. The T-shaped metal foil features is disposed on the substrate and extending from a periphery of the metal foil main body. The T-shaped metal foil features are in a rotational symmetry around a center of the metal foil main body.

A signal isolation device includes an insulation layer, at least one metal foil unit, and a metal layer. The at least one metal foil unit is disposed on a top surface of the insulation layer, and the metal foil unit has a first recessed channel and a second recessed channel. The first recessed channel and the second recessed channel spirally extend inward from an edge of the metal foil unit, and the first recessed channel and the second recessed channel surrounding each other are spaced apart. The metal layer is disposed on a bottom surface of the insulation layer.

A transparent dielectric-core antenna surrounded by patterned metallic metasurfaces. The patterned metallic metasurface acts as a conductive medium for surface current to flow and efficiently radiate fields driven by a power source. Furthermore, the patterned metallic metasurface can strongly reduce the electrical presence of the dielectric-core to realize a radio-transparent antenna to nearby systems at any desired frequency band while still maintaining good radiation and matching properties. Such an antenna concept may be applied to a variety of geometries.

A frequency-selective composite structure includes a laminate panel, and a frequency-selective filter including a plurality of frequency-selective surface elements coupled to an exterior surface of the laminate panel and arranged in a frequency-selective surface pattern, wherein each one of the frequency-selective surface elements includes a nanomaterial composite.

A device is presented for improving radio frequency (RF) and microwave array antenna performance. The device sits in the near field, the reactive region, of the antenna array with a pattern of electrically isolated rectangular, cross-shaped, ell, and/or similarly-shaped patches of flat metal or other conductor in a flat plane. The patches are segmented into smaller shapes no greater than 0.3 of a shortest wavelength of the nominal operating range of the antenna and/or the height of the plane is greater than 0.25 and/or less than 0.4 of the center frequency's wavelength. Mutual coupling S-parameters between neighboring elements are either simulated or measured, and the patch sizes or height are designed such that |S.sub.21.sup.Refl| is in a range of |S.sub.21.sup.Array|±20% of |S.sub.21.sup.Array|; and Phase(S.sub.21.sup.Refl) is in a range of Phase(S.sub.21.sup.Array)+180±30 degrees, where S.sub.21.sup.Array is an S-parameter between antenna two neighboring antenna elements measured or simulated without the device, where S.sub.21.sup.ADS is the same with the device, and S.sub.21.sup.Refl=S.sub.21.sup.ADS−S.sub.21.sup.Array.

A wavelength selective structure for selectively reflecting or absorbing incident electromagnetic visible or infrared radiation. The wavelength selective structure includes a wavelength selective structure with a plurality of layers, including a compound layer forming a plurality of surface elements, an electrically isolating intermediate layer, wherein the compound layer is in contact with a first surface of the electrically isolating intermediate layer, and a continuous electrically conductive layer in contact with a second surface of the electrically isolating intermediate layer. The compound layer includes at least one metallic layer and at least one dielectric layer. The selective surface has at least one resonance band for selectively reflecting or absorbing visible or infrared radiation based on a resonant electromagnetic coupling between the plurality of surface elements and the continuous electrically conductive layer.

Antenna apparatus and related communication systems for use with vehicle lamps are disclosed. A disclosed communication system for a vehicle and a trailer includes a lamp positioned on the vehicle and a conductive structure coupled to a stylized component of the lamp. The communication system also includes a primary antenna at least partially formed by the conductive structure and electrically coupled to a vehicle electronic device. The communication system also includes a secondary antenna positioned on the trailer and electrically coupled to a trailer electronic device. The primary and secondary antennas, together, are configured to interact with each other to provide wireless communication between the vehicle and trailer electronic devices.