A vehicle lamp mounted on a vehicle includes: a lamp housing; a lamp cover that covers an opening of the lamp housing; at least one illumination unit disposed in a lamp chamber formed by the lamp housing and the lamp cover; a radar disposed in the lamp chamber and configured to acquire radar data indicating a surrounding environment of the vehicle by emitting a radio wave to an outside of the vehicle; and a dielectric lens disposed in front of the radar and configured to allow the radio wave emitted from the radar to pass therethrough. The dielectric lens is configured to narrow a spread angle of the radio wave emitted from the radar.

Methods of preparing composite dielectric materials used in lenses for communications antennas. The methods can include one or more of: using induction heating to expand expandable dielectric particles; combining expandable dielectric particles with pre-expanded dielectric material prior to expansion; and/or performing the expansion of the expandable dielectric particles within a lens or other container.

Methods of preparing composite dielectric materials used in lenses for communications antennas. The methods can include one or more of: using induction heating to expand expandable dielectric particles; combining expandable dielectric particles with pre-expanded dielectric material prior to expansion; and/or performing the expansion of the expandable dielectric particles within a lens or other container.

The inventive subject matter provides apparatus, systems and methods in which a high port count base station antenna uses an array of spherical lenses with multiple ports per frequency band, containing multiple frequency bands, and capable of multiple beam operation. In a preferred embodiment, the antenna system comprises a plurality of spherical, dielectric lenses, stacked vertically, where each lens is surrounded by four or more lower frequency radiating elements, or one circular element. The circular element can have multiple sub-elements, along with feed gaps.

An electromagnetic, EM, apparatus includes: a unit cell having at least two dielectric resonator antennas, DRAs; wherein each one of the at least two DRAs is distinctly different from another one of the at least two DRAs; wherein each one of the at least two DRAs is not electromagnetically coupled with another one of the at least two DRAs; wherein the unit cell is configured to operate over a defined overall frequency range; wherein a first DRA of the at least two DRAs is configured to operate over a first frequency range within the overall frequency range; wherein a second DRA of the at least two DRAs is configured to operate over a second frequency range within the overall frequency range that is different from the first frequency range.

An antenna system for at least one of Elint and Sigint, configured to detect weak electro-magnetic signals, comprises an antenna and a feed manifold, which comprises a plurality of feeds located on a focal surface of the antenna. The antenna is configured to function as a two-dimensional focusing element, having spherical symmetry. The system is configured such that a planar wave-front associated with a electro-magnetic signal, that is impinging on the antenna, is focused by the antenna to a feed, situated at a distance from the antenna corresponding to a focal distance of the antenna along a propagation vector of the wave-front. The spatial field of view of the antenna system is based on a number of feeds and the spacing between feeds. This produces, for each feed, a respective high-gain beam, with direction along the line connecting the center of the spherical symmetry and the feed.

An antenna system for at least one of Elint and Sigint, configured to detect weak electro-magnetic signals, comprises an antenna and a feed manifold, which comprises a plurality of feeds located on a focal surface of the antenna. The antenna is configured to function as a two-dimensional focusing element, having spherical symmetry. The system is configured such that a planar wave-front associated with a electro-magnetic signal, that is impinging on the antenna, is focused by the antenna to a feed, situated at a distance from the antenna corresponding to a focal distance of the antenna along a propagation vector of the wave-front. The spatial field of view of the antenna system is based on a number of feeds and the spacing between feeds. This produces, for each feed, a respective high-gain beam, with direction along the line connecting the center of the spherical symmetry and the feed.

A lens (100) for terahertz radiation, which can be used in an antenna arrangement (400), comprises a cylindrical lens body made of silicon having a planar front surface and a planar back surface. The lens body has a front body region (30) which forms a silicon metamaterial with a relative permittivity that decreases in a lateral direction with increasing radial distance from a cylinder axis. A back body region (20) is immediately adjacent to the front body region and extends to the back surface. It consists of bulk silicon having a laterally constant relative permittivity. The front body region comprises holes that are distributed on the front surface in rings that are concentric with respect to the cylinder axis. The holes extend from the front surface to respective hole bottoms at an equal bottom level in a depth direction. The hole bottoms interface with the back body region.

A lensed multi-beam base station antenna may include a plurality of linear arrays of radiating elements, a plurality of reflectors, a sidelobe suppressor, and a lens. Each array may include a plurality of radiating elements (e.g., two or more radiating elements) that extends forwardly from a planar section of a respective reflector. The sidelobe suppressor may comprise radiofrequency (RF) absorber material that absorbs energy that is emitted by a first of the arrays and that is directed toward a reflector underneath a second of the arrays. The sidelobe suppressor may comprise a RF choke that reduces the RF energy emitted by a first of the arrays that is directed toward a reflector underneath a second of the arrays.

A radar chip package includes a radar monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) having a backside, a frontside arranged opposite to the backside, and lateral sides that extend between the backside and the frontside, wherein the radar MIMIC comprises a recess that extends from the backside at least partially towards the frontside; a plurality of electrical interfaces coupled to the frontside of the radar MIMIC; at least one antenna arranged at the frontside of the radar MIMIC; and a lens formed over the recess and the at least one antenna, wherein the lens is coupled to the backside of the radar MMIC.