The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies and discloses a phase shifter and a feed network. The phase shifter includes at least one phase shift component. The phase shift component includes a substrate, a microstrip coupling structure disposed on a first plane of the substrate, a microstrip transmission line connected to and coplanar with the microstrip coupling structure, and a microstrip/coplanar-waveguide coupling structure, where the microstrip/coplanar-waveguide coupling structure includes a microstrip connected to and coplanar with the microstrip transmission line, and a coplanar waveguide disposed opposite to the microstrip on the substrate and coupled with the microstrip. A phase shifter using a microstrip/coplanar-waveguide coupling structure has a small volume and costs low, thereby facilitating feed network design.

An array antenna includes a dielectric substrate, and a plurality of radiating elements being arranged linearly and provided on a first face of the dielectric substrate, each of the plurality of radiating elements having linear polarization and a rotation reference point, wherein one or more radiating elements included in the plurality of radiating elements are rotated differently with respect to the corresponding rotation reference positions each other.

An array antenna includes a dielectric substrate, and a plurality of radiating elements being arranged linearly and provided on a first face of the dielectric substrate, each of the plurality of radiating elements having linear polarization and a rotation reference point, wherein one or more radiating elements included in the plurality of radiating elements are rotated differently with respect to the corresponding rotation reference positions each other.

A user terminal includes a reconfigurable phased array antenna having a plurality of antenna elements. The user terminal is operable for: broadening a field of regard of the reconfigurable phased array antenna; receiving signals from a plurality of satellites within the field of regard using the reconfigurable phased array antenna; determining one or more attributes of the received signals for each of the satellites; and selecting one of the plurality of satellites for communication based on the attributes of the received signals. After the satellite has been selected, the user terminal is configured for: switching to a directional mode for the reconfigurable phased array antenna; establishing the communication with the selected satellite using the reconfigurable phased array antenna; and tracking the selected satellite. Ephemeris data broadcast by the satellites is used by the user terminal to track the satellites and to perform handovers between satellites.

A user terminal includes a reconfigurable phased array antenna having a plurality of antenna elements. The user terminal is operable for: broadening a field of regard of the reconfigurable phased array antenna; receiving signals from a plurality of satellites within the field of regard using the reconfigurable phased array antenna; determining one or more attributes of the received signals for each of the satellites; and selecting one of the plurality of satellites for communication based on the attributes of the received signals. After the satellite has been selected, the user terminal is configured for: switching to a directional mode for the reconfigurable phased array antenna; establishing the communication with the selected satellite using the reconfigurable phased array antenna; and tracking the selected satellite. Ephemeris data broadcast by the satellites is used by the user terminal to track the satellites and to perform handovers between satellites.

The present disclosure relates to an antenna array arrangement including a plurality of antenna arrays. Each antenna array includes a plurality of antenna elements. At least two of the plurality of antenna arrays are staggered along at least one of a horizontal dimension or a vertical dimension. Adjacent elements of a projection of the antenna elements of the antenna array arrangement onto a horizontal dimension or a vertical dimension have a distance that is in the order of half of a wavelength of a radio signal to be transmitted from the antenna array arrangement.

The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline media comprising one or more pleochroic dyes and one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae I, II and III,

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in which the parameters have the meaning indicated in Claim 1, and to components comprising these media for high-frequency technology, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennas.

The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline media comprising one or more pleochroic dyes and one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae I, II and III,

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in which the parameters have the meaning indicated in Claim 1, and to components comprising these media for high-frequency technology, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennas.

The present invention relates to a method for beamforming a beam using an active antenna having predetermined aperture data predetermined aperture data comprising M×N dual polarized antenna subarrays within an aperture, each dual polarized antenna subarray comprising a first antenna subarray having a first polarization and a second antenna subarray having a second polarization non-parallel with the first polarization. The method comprises: selecting number of antenna ports, each antenna port being adapted to generate a separate beam using a combination from the first antenna subarray and/or the second antenna subarray; selecting port properties, comprising target beamwidth for each separate beam and desired polarization between beams; and determining port partitioning based upon aperture data and port properties for each antenna port, to adjust an effective length of the aperture over which the beam is created and thereby defining which first antenna subarray(s) and/or second antenna subarray(s) to use for each antenna port.

The present invention relates to a method for beamforming a beam using an active antenna having predetermined aperture data predetermined aperture data comprising M×N dual polarized antenna subarrays within an aperture, each dual polarized antenna subarray comprising a first antenna subarray having a first polarization and a second antenna subarray having a second polarization non-parallel with the first polarization. The method comprises: selecting number of antenna ports, each antenna port being adapted to generate a separate beam using a combination from the first antenna subarray and/or the second antenna subarray; selecting port properties, comprising target beamwidth for each separate beam and desired polarization between beams; and determining port partitioning based upon aperture data and port properties for each antenna port, to adjust an effective length of the aperture over which the beam is created and thereby defining which first antenna subarray(s) and/or second antenna subarray(s) to use for each antenna port.