A laser device may include a laser resonator; a chamber arranged on an optical path of the laser resonator; a pair of electrodes arranged in the chamber; a power source applying a voltage to the electrodes; a storage unit storing a voltage value; and a control unit configured to set an application voltage value of the voltage applied to the electrodes as setting the application voltage value for outputting a pulse whose pulse number is equal to or larger than 1 and smaller than i based on the voltage command value and the voltage value stored in the storage unit, and setting the application voltage for outputting a pulse whose pulse number is equal to or larger than i and smaller than j based on the voltage command value and an offset value corresponding to the voltage command value, where i>1 and j>i.

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for applying laser energy having desired pulse characteristics, including a sufficiently short duration and/or a sufficiently high energy for the photomechanical treatment of skin pigmentations and pigmented lesions, both naturally-occurring (e.g., birthmarks), as well as artificial (e.g., tattoos). The laser energy may be generated with an apparatus having a resonator with the capability of switching between a modelocked pulse operating mode and an amplification operating mode. The operating modes are carried out through the application of a time-dependent bias voltage, having waveforms as described herein, to an electro-optical device positioned along the optical axis of the resonator.

Provided is a quantum sensor based on a rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal, having: a rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal; a low temperature providing unit, which provides a low temperature operating environment to the rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal; a constant magnetic field generation unit, which applies a constant magnetic field to the rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal; a light field generation unit, which provides a light field performing optical pumping on the rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal to prepare the rare-earth-ions in an initial spin state, and a light field for exciting Raman scattering of the rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal; a pulsed magnetic field generation unit, which applies a pulsed magnetic field perpendicular to the constant magnetic field to the rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal to make the rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal generate a spin echo; and a heterodyne Raman scattering light field detection and analysis unit, which detects and analyzes a Raman scattering light field radiated from the rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal. Further provided are uses of this quantum sensor for magnetic field sensing and electric field sensing as well as a sensing method.

The invention provides a self-modulating input electrical power laser control system and method. After the laser is turned on for a period of time, the control module reduces the initial electrical power to the operating power of the laser, and it maintains the operating power until the laser is turned off, which can reduce the extra power consumption and achieve the energy-efficiency.

The invention provides a self-modulating input electrical power laser control system and method. After the laser is turned on for a period of time, the control module reduces the initial electrical power to the operating power of the laser, and it maintains the operating power until the laser is turned off, which can reduce the extra power consumption and achieve the energy-efficiency.

A laser system and method generate milliwatt-power pump light by a fiber-coupled laser diode with a single-mode integrated fiber housed in a pump enclosure. The milliwatt-power pump light is conveyed from the single-mode integrated fiber out of the first enclosure into one end of a single-mode fiber cable that is external to the pump enclosure. The milliwatt-power pump light is conveyed from an opposite end of the external single-mode fiber cable into one end of a single-mode resident fiber disposed internally within a laser-head enclosure. A crystal housed in the laser-head enclosure is pumped with the milliwatt-power pump light that exits into free space from an opposite end of the single-mode resident fiber onto a face of the crystal, to produce stable milliwatt-power single-mode laser light having a frequency stability of less than 3 MHz per minute. The stable milliwatt-power single-mode laser light is emitted from the laser-head enclosure.

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for applying laser energy having desired pulse characteristics, including a sufficiently short duration and/or a sufficiently high energy for the photomechanical treatment of skin pigmentations and pigmented lesions, both naturally-occurring (e.g., birthmarks), as well as artificial (e.g., tattoos). The laser energy may be generated with an apparatus having a resonator with the capability of switching between a modelocked pulse operating mode and an amplification operating mode. The operating modes are carried out through the application of a time-dependent bias voltage, having waveforms as described herein, to an electro-optical device positioned along the optical axis of the resonator.

A laser system according to the present disclosure includes: a laser apparatus configured to emit a laser beam; a transmission optical system disposed on a path between the laser apparatus and a target supplied into an EUV chamber in which EUV light is generated; a reflection optical system configured to reflect, toward the target, the laser beam from the transmission optical system; a first sensor configured to detect the laser beam traveling from the laser apparatus toward the reflection optical system; a second sensor configured to detect return light of the laser beam reflected by the reflection optical system and traveling backward to the laser apparatus; and a control unit configured to determine that the reflection optical system is damaged when no anomaly of the laser beam is detected and a light amount of the return light exceeds a predetermined light amount value.

In some implementations, an optical isolator core includes a Faraday rotator and a plurality of birefringent crystal plates. The plurality of birefringent crystal plates may include a first birefringent crystal plate to separate input light into light having a first polarization and light having a second polarization, and a second birefringent crystal plate to combine the light having the first polarization and the light having the second polarization in output light that is laterally displaced by the single stage optical isolator. The Faraday rotator may be provided between the first birefringent crystal plate and the second birefringent crystal plate. In some implementations, the plurality of birefringent crystal plates further include a third birefringent crystal plate provided between the Faraday rotator and the second birefringent crystal plate. Additionally, or alternatively, the optical isolator core may further include a half-wave plate arranged between the Faraday rotator and the first birefringent crystal plate.

A diamond Raman laser may include a diamond Raman oscillator (DRO) with a first diamond gain medium, a seed laser providing a seed beam at a seed wavelength, and a cavity configured to resonate at a first-Stokes wavelength, the first-Stokes wavelength corresponding to first-Stokes emission in diamond when pumped with the seed wavelength, and where the DRO outputs a first-Stokes beam at the first-Stokes wavelength. The diamond Raman laser may further include a diamond Raman amplifier (DRA) to amplify the first-Stokes beam and generate an amplified first-Stokes beam, where the DRA includes two or more diamond Raman amplification stages, each including one or more second diamond gain media, and one or more optical filters to filter light with a second-Stokes wavelength generated in at least one of the one or more second gain media.