There is provided a spark plug for an internal combustion engine with a simple configuration capable of ensuring stable ignitability regardless of mounting posture to the internal combustion engine. The spark plug includes a housing, an insulator, a center electrode, and a ground electrode. The ground electrode includes an erecting part that is erected from a tip part of the housing to a tip side and an inclined part that is bent from the tip of the erecting part to the center electrode side to extend obliquely toward a tip side. An end edge of the ground electrode on an opposite side to the housing side is a tip of the inclined part. The erecting part satisfies w/t1, w1.9 mm, and t2.3 mm, where t is a dimension in an alignment direction of the erecting part and the center electrode, and w is a dimension in a width direction orthogonal to each of the alignment direction and a plug axial direction. An inclination angle of the inclined part with respect to the plug axial direction satisfies 3060.

The present invention is directed to a Cross-over Electro-Magnetic Engine system and method for making a Cross-over Electro-Magnetic Engine. More particularly, two types of Cross-over Electro-Magnetic Engine systems are disclosed having two types of electromagnetic generator mechanisms, a wheel drive power control box, a storage battery and/or capacitor, wheel gear drives connected to magnetic motors, an ignition module and an electric braking system with back-up mechanical brakes. Power from the cross-over electro-magnetic engine is transferred to the generator systems having rotating plates or counter-rotating plates, then transferred to the wheel drive power control box where it is sent to the magnetic motors to drive wheel gear drives for each wheel driven.

A spark plug for an internal combustion engine includes a cylindrical housing, a cylindrical insulator, a center electrode, and a ground electrode. The ground electrode includes an upright part and an inclined part. The upright part is a portion vertically provided on a tip end part of the housing to a tip end side. The inclined part is a portion that is bent from the tip of the upright part toward the center electrode side, and is extended toward an oblique tip end side. The inclined part has a ground end face, an opposed face, and a corner curved face. The corner curved face is a face that smoothly connects the ground end face and the opposed face. The corner curved face has a curved shape. The curvature radius R of the corner curved face satisfies 0.3 mmR0.7 mm. The inclination angle of the inclined part with respect to a plug axial direction (Z) satisfies 3060.

A spark plug is disclosed that includes at least one bore extending through a shell of the spark plug in order to form a passageway between an annular volume around the spark plug insulator nose and a pre-chamber volume of a pre-chamber device, thus directing a purge of exhaust gases trapped in the annular volume to a space formed by the exterior of the spark plug body and the interior of the pre-chamber device.

A spark plug for an internal combustion engine that can improve bonding strength between a center electrode and a conductive glass is provided. The spark plug includes a housing, an insulator, a center electrode, a ground electrode, and a conductive glass. The center electrode has a locking portion that is locked from a base end side to a step portion formed on an inner peripheral surface of the insulator, and an electrode head that is closer to the base end side than the locking portion is. A concave portion is partially formed on the tip end surface of the electrode head. A concave contour, which is an outer peripheral contour of the concave portion when viewed in a plug axial direction, forms a closed curve which is spaced apart from a head contour, which is an outer peripheral contour of the base end surface of the electrode head, and surrounds a center axis (B) of the center electrode. The concave contour has an outward portion protruding toward the head contour and an inward portion protruding toward the center axis (B) of the center electrode.

A spark plug for an internal combustion engine includes a cylindrical housing, a cylindrical insulator, a center electrode, and a ground electrode. The ground electrode includes an upright part and an inclined part. The upright part is a portion vertically provided on a tip end part of the housing to a tip end side. The inclined part is a portion that is bent from the tip of the upright part toward the center electrode side, and is extended toward an oblique tip end side. The inclined part has a ground end face, an opposed face, and a corner curved face. The corner curved face is a face that smoothly connects the ground end face and the opposed face. The corner curved face has a curved shape. The curvature radius R of the corner curved face satisfies 0.3 mmR0.7 mm. The inclination angle of the inclined part with respect to a plug axial direction (Z) satisfies 3060.

There is provided a spark plug for an internal combustion engine with a simple configuration capable of ensuring stable ignitability regardless of mounting posture to the internal combustion engine. The spark plug includes a housing, an insulator, a center electrode, and a ground electrode. The ground electrode includes an erecting part that is erected from a tip part of the housing to a tip side and an inclined part that is bent from the tip of the erecting part to the center electrode side to extend obliquely toward a tip side. An end edge of the ground electrode on an opposite side to the housing side is a tip of the inclined part. The erecting part satisfies w/t1, w1.9 mm, and t2.3 mm, where t is a dimension in an alignment direction of the erecting part and the center electrode, and w is a dimension in a width direction orthogonal to each of the alignment direction and a plug axial direction. An inclination angle of the inclined part with respect to the plug axial direction satisfies 3060.

A spark plug includes a main ground electrode having a main connecting portion connected to the housing and forming a discharge gap between the main ground electrode and the center electrode, and a sub ground electrode having a sub connecting portion connected to the housing. The direction on which the main connecting portion and a plug center axis are arranged is set to be perpendicular to an air flow direction of an air stream in the combustion chamber. The sub connecting portion is located in a downstream side than the main connecting portion. The tip end position of the sub ground electrode in the plug axial direction is located in farther tip end side than that of the main ground electrode is. The sub ground electrode is configured such that an end point of the discharge spark is movable on the sub ground electrode.

Disclosed is a spark plug including: an insulator having an axial hole formed along an axis of the spark plug; a center electrode disposed in a front end side of the axial hole; and a metal shell fixed around an outer circumference of the insulator, with a front end portion of the insulator protruding frontward from a front end of the metal shell. The front end portion of the insulator consists only of a first section and a second section located adjacent to and frontward of the first section and having an inner diameter larger than that of the first section. The second section has a chamfered area formed on an inner circumferential surface thereof so as to continue to a front end of the insulator.

A spark plug of an internal combustion engine has a sealing area between a mounting portion (e.g., threads) and an end portion of a housing of the spark plug. The end portion faces a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The spark plug includes a flow control element coupled to the end portion, wherein the flow control element projects beyond an igniter in a direction toward the combustion chamber.