A portable or handheld device or apparatus for jump starting a vehicle engine having a depleted or discharged starting battery. The portable or handheld device or apparatus for jump starting a vehicle engine includes a rechargeable lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack and a battery cell equalization circuit configured to prevent overcharging of one or more individual lithium-ion battery cells, which can cause fire, damage to the battery pack and device or apparatus for jump starting a vehicle, or personal injury to a user.

The electronics comprises a load circuit, a power supply circuit having a rechargeable electrical energy storer, and a protection circuit. An input of the power supply circuit is adapted to be electrically connected with an external energy supply. Both the power supply circuit and the protection circuit have at least two operating modes. Additionally, the protection circuit is adapted in the first operating mode to monitor the cell voltage applied on the circuit input to determine whether its voltage level has exceeded a predetermined maximum value and, in given cases, automatically to deactivate the operating mode.

A battery pack power transfer adaptor and a battery pack system that includes a battery pack adaptor. The adaptor enables a battery pack to provide high level power transfers to a variety of devices and to receive high level power transfers from a variety of power sources. The adaptor includes a battery pack interface to enable the adaptor to mechanically and electrically connect to the battery pack. The adaptor is able to transfer power at a variety of levels dependent upon the device to which it is attached.

The disclosure relates to a method for supplying a consumer device with electrical energy from an industrial DC network. The method having includes establishing a connection between an energy storage and the industrial DC network and transferring electrical energy from the DC network to the energy storage. When the connection is established between the energy storage and the industrial DC network, a connection between the energy storage and the consumer device is disconnected and the consumer remains galvanically isolated from the industrial DC network. The method also includes establishing a connection between the consumer device and the energy storage and transferring electrical energy from the storage energy storage to the consumer device. When the connection is established between the consumer device and the energy storage, a connection between the energy storage and the industrial DC network is disconnected and the consumer device remains galvanically isolated from the industrial DC network. The disclosure also relates to a system and an apparatus for supplying a consumer device with electrical energy.

A DC converter, a controlling method, and a vehicle are provided. The DC converter includes: a first inductor, a switching unit, a diode, a first capacitor, a load resistor, a pre-charge control unit and a controller. The output terminal of the controller is connected with the control terminal of the switching unit and the control terminal of the pre-charge control unit. The controller is configured to control the switching unit to be turned on or turned off, and to control the resistor connected between the negative electrode of the diode and the first end of the load resistance in the pre-charge control unit when the switching unit is turned off, such that the direct current converter is pre-charged by the low-voltage power supply.

Bidirectional electrical power systems are provided that include versatile battery packs. For example, a battery pack is introduced which may have both a first interface or port for high voltage fast charging and discharging, and a second interface or port for low voltage supply of power to present equipment without requiring modification or retrofitting. The battery pack may include, for example, a first battery module within the battery pack; a second battery module within the battery pack; and a switching matrix within the battery pack and configured to connect the first and second battery modules in series or in parallel.

An electrical energy management system includes a first battery having a nominal operating voltage, a second battery having a charging voltage sufficiently close to the nominal operating voltage of the first battery such that the first battery can charge the second battery when the first battery and the second battery are electrically connected in parallel, a generator that is controllable to provide a variable output voltage, a starter motor, an electrical load, a plurality of switches each controllable to be in an open state or a closed state, and a controller that is configured to control the output voltage of the generator and to control the open or closed state of each of the plurality of switches.

A method includes receiving an energy transfer mode input identifying a selected energy transfer mode for the first vehicle, and receiving a total energy request input identifying a value of total requested energy associated with the selected energy transfer mode for the first vehicle. The operations also include receiving a first power transfer limit input including a first power transfer limit value associated with the selected energy transfer mode for the first vehicle, and receiving a second power transfer limit input including a second power transfer limit value associated with the selected energy transfer mode for the first vehicle. The operations also include selecting a power transfer limit from the lesser of the first power transfer limit value and the second power transfer limit value, and initiating a power transfer between the first vehicle and the second vehicle at the selected power transfer limit.

A portable power bank including a rechargeable battery and/or a remote server may detect loss of capacity in the power bank battery. The power bank and/or remote server determines a nominal capacity of the power bank, and an actual capacity of the power bank, the actual capacity being less than the nominal capacity. The power bank and/or remote server compares the actual capacity to the nominal capacity to determine a health value of the power bank battery. When the power bank battery health value is at or below a threshold value, the power bank and/or remote server transmits an indication of the health value.

An interface performs power delivery and communication with an external apparatus. A convert device is configured to convert a voltage of input power that is supplied from the external apparatus through the interface. A convert device includes a first convert device having first conversion efficiency and a second convert device having second conversion efficiency different from the first conversion efficiency. A processing device is configured to operate by using power converted by the convert device. A controller is configured to switch a conversion state between: a first conversion state of converting, by the first convert device, the input power supplied from the external apparatus through the interface and supplying the converted input power to the processing device; and a second conversion state of converting, by the second convert device, the input power supplied from the external apparatus through the interface and supplying the converted input power to the processing device.