An electrospray diffusion pump with an upper vacuum chamber coupled to a lower vacuum chamber by a cylinder having an aperture in the upper chamber at the center of a conductive extractor ring. A conductive tube is positioned in the upper chamber and is axially aligned with the conductive extractor ring. The conductive tube is coupled to receive a conductive or semi-conductive spray fluid. A voltage source is coupled between the conductive tube and the extractor ring and adjusted to form a Taylor Cone that provides a jet of charged droplets at the tip of the conductive tube, the charged droplets are attracted to the extractor ring and pass into the aperture, then through the cylinder into the second chamber. The charged droplets have nearly zero vapor pressure and transfer ambient gas at a first pressure from the upper chamber to the lower chamber at a lower pressure.

An electrospray diffusion pump with an upper vacuum chamber coupled to a lower vacuum chamber by a cylinder having an aperture in the upper chamber at the center of a conductive extractor ring. A conductive tube is positioned in the upper chamber and is axially aligned with the conductive extractor ring. The conductive tube is coupled to receive a conductive or semi-conductive spray fluid. A voltage source is coupled between the conductive tube and the extractor ring and adjusted to form a Taylor Cone that provides a jet of charged droplets at the tip of the conductive tube, the charged droplets are attracted to the extractor ring and pass into the aperture, then through the cylinder into the second chamber. The charged droplets have nearly zero vapor pressure and transfer ambient gas at a first pressure from the upper chamber to the lower chamber at a lower pressure.

A liquid metal-cooled nuclear reactor includes, within a reactor pressure vessel, a primary electromagnetic pump (EMP) circulating liquid metal coolant through the reactor core and a backflow EMP. The nuclear reactor may be configured to at least partially mitigate liquid metal coolant backflow in response to a primary EMP failure. The backflow EMP is coupled in series with the primary EMP within the reactor pressure vessel. The backflow EMP may be selectively activated in response to failure of the primary EMP to mitigate liquid metal backflow through the primary EMP. The primary EMP and backflow EMP may receive power from separate power sources. Multiple backflow EMPs may be coupled in parallel to the primary EMP via parallel liquid metal coolant lines. A nuclear reactor may include multiple primary EMPs and multiple sets of backflow EMPs, where each separate set of backflow EMPs is coupled to a separate primary EMP.

A nuclear reactor is configured with a primary coolant loop for transferring heat away from the nuclear reactor core. In a shutdown event, the primary coolant pump may stop pumping primary coolant through the reactor core, resulting in decay heat buildup within the reactor core. An inertial energy coast down system can store kinetic energy while the nuclear reactor is operating and then release the stored kinetic energy to cause the primary coolant to continue to flow through the nuclear reactor core to remove decay heat. The inertial energy coast down system may include an impeller and a flywheel having a mass. During normal reactor operation, the flowing primary coolant spins up the impeller and flywheel, and upon a shutdown event where the primary coolant pump stops pumping, the flywheel and impeller can cause the primary coolant to continue to flow during a coast down of the flywheel and impeller.

A nuclear reactor is configured with a primary coolant loop for transferring heat away from the nuclear reactor core. In a shutdown event, the primary coolant pump may stop pumping primary coolant through the reactor core, resulting in decay heat buildup within the reactor core. An inertial energy coast down system can store kinetic energy while the nuclear reactor is operating and then release the stored kinetic energy to cause the primary coolant to continue to flow through the nuclear reactor core to remove decay heat. The inertial energy coast down system may include an impeller and a flywheel having a mass. During normal reactor operation, the flowing primary coolant spins up the impeller and flywheel, and upon a shutdown event where the primary coolant pump stops pumping, the flywheel and impeller can cause the primary coolant to continue to flow during a coast down of the flywheel and impeller.

A soldering pump for pumping an electrically conductive fluidin particular, a liquid soldersaid soldering pump having a feed channel which travels at least in segments along a circular path and has an inlet and an outlet, and having a device for generating a moving magnetic field, wherein the device comprises at least one permanent magnet, wherein the device is designed such that the permanent magnet is moved along the feed channel during operation.

A plasma interaction simulator is presented. The simulator magnetically induces multiple distinct flows of plasma within a physical plasma vessel. The plasma flows collide with each other at flow interaction boundaries where discontinuities arising due to differences between the flows give rise to interactions. Sensors can be incorporated into the plasma simulator to observe and collect data about the plasma flow interactions.

Disclosed in the present invention is an electromagnetic pump, including: a pump body; an inner iron core, including a central cylinder, an axis of the central cylinder basically coinciding with an axis of the electromagnetic pump; a plurality of outer iron cores, disposed at least partially surrounding the inner iron core; a winding, at least partially disposed on the outer iron cores; and a pump channel mechanism, at least partially disposed between the outer iron cores and the inner iron core, where the pump channel mechanism includes: a first pump channel wall, a second pump channel wall, a circulation channel, and a cavity dividing structure, and being used for supporting the first pump channel wall and the second pump channel wall, the cavity dividing structure being further used for dividing the circulation channel, to divide the circulation channel into a plurality of channels.

Disclosed in the present invention is an electromagnetic pump, including: a pump body; an inner iron core, including a central cylinder, an axis of the central cylinder basically coinciding with an axis of the electromagnetic pump; a plurality of outer iron cores, disposed at least partially surrounding the inner iron core; a winding, at least partially disposed on the outer iron cores; and a pump channel mechanism, at least partially disposed between the outer iron cores and the inner iron core, where the pump channel mechanism includes: a first pump channel wall, a second pump channel wall, a circulation channel, and a cavity dividing structure, and being used for supporting the first pump channel wall and the second pump channel wall, the cavity dividing structure being further used for dividing the circulation channel, to divide the circulation channel into a plurality of channels.

An insulation system includes a number of mica hard-boards joinable to form a free-standing slot-liner for insulating a conductor when placed therein and accommodating an expansion of the conductor. In another embodiment, an electromagnetic pump includes a stator of the electromagnetic pump including a number of laminations, a slot-liner positioned within a gap formed by the laminations, an annular wound copper conductor coil positioned within the slot-liner. The slot-liner includes a number of mica hard-boards joined to form an annular volume for insulating the conductor coil and accommodating an expansion of the conductor coil.