A light emitting and receiving module with heater is provided, which includes a base material. A light emitting and receiving element is disposed on the base material and performs at least one of light reception and light emission. A heater film includes an electrode formed on a base sheet. The heater film is formed so as to cover the light emitting and receiving element. A capacitance detection unit electrically connected to the electrode detects a floating capacitance between the light emitting and receiving element and the heater film. A power source electrically connected to the electrode heats the heater film. A control board switches the connection with the electrode between the capacitance detection unit and the power source.

A light emitting and receiving module with heater is provided, which includes a base material. A light emitting and receiving element is disposed on the base material and performs at least one of light reception and light emission. A heater film includes an electrode formed on a base sheet. The heater film is formed so as to cover the light emitting and receiving element. A capacitance detection unit electrically connected to the electrode detects a floating capacitance between the light emitting and receiving element and the heater film. A power source electrically connected to the electrode heats the heater film. A control board switches the connection with the electrode between the capacitance detection unit and the power source.

A solar panel comprises a double-glass photovoltaic module mounted in a frame. The double-glass photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of solar cells embedded between a front glass sheet and a rear glass sheet. The rear glass sheet exhibits a larger extension than the front glass sheet, in at least two spatial directions, as measured in the rear glass sheet plane. The frame comprises a clamping element clamping only the rear glass sheet and not the front glass sheet of the double-glass photovoltaic module. The front glass sheet is either flush with a plane defined by inner edges of a front face of the frame or protrudes beyond the front face of the frame.

A solar panel comprises a double-glass photovoltaic module mounted in a frame. The double-glass photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of solar cells embedded between a front glass sheet and a rear glass sheet. The rear glass sheet exhibits a larger extension than the front glass sheet, in at least two spatial directions, as measured in the rear glass sheet plane. The frame comprises a clamping element clamping only the rear glass sheet and not the front glass sheet of the double-glass photovoltaic module. The front glass sheet is either flush with a plane defined by inner edges of a front face of the frame or protrudes beyond the front face of the frame.

Rooftop photovoltaic solar systems and methods for installing interconnection wiring for photovoltaic solar systems. Cabling systems can include cable support stands secured underneath shingles. Cabling systems can include molded rubber raceways mounted using raceway clips secured underneath shingles.

A cleaning system for cleaning a circular panel or any other circular surface is provided. The system has a base mechanically fastened to the circular panel. An axis stub pivotally connected to the base and attached to a pivot member provides rotation for a blade set. The blade set includes a first blade and a second blade configured to rotate independently about the pivot member in either a clockwise or a counter clockwise direction, wherein the second blade is configured to sit above the first bade, each blade having at least one row of sprinkler holes positioned on each side of the blade running lengthwise. The at least one row of sprinkler holes are configured to eject a fluid to either clean, cool, or thaw the circular panel. The first blade includes a roller having cleaning implements configured to clean the circular panel as the first blade rotates about the pivot member.

A cleaning system for cleaning a circular panel or any other circular surface is provided. The system has a base mechanically fastened to the circular panel. An axis stub pivotally connected to the base and attached to a pivot member provides rotation for a blade set. The blade set includes a first blade and a second blade configured to rotate independently about the pivot member in either a clockwise or a counter clockwise direction, wherein the second blade is configured to sit above the first bade, each blade having at least one row of sprinkler holes positioned on each side of the blade running lengthwise. The at least one row of sprinkler holes are configured to eject a fluid to either clean, cool, or thaw the circular panel. The first blade includes a roller having cleaning implements configured to clean the circular panel as the first blade rotates about the pivot member.

Rooftop photovoltaic solar systems and methods for installing interconnection wiring for photovoltaic solar systems. Cabling systems can include cable support stands secured underneath shingles. Cabling systems can include molded rubber raceways mounted using raceway clips secured underneath shingles.

Rooftop photovoltaic solar systems and methods for installing interconnection wiring for photovoltaic solar systems. Cabling systems can include cable support stands secured underneath shingles. Cabling systems can include molded rubber raceways mounted using raceway clips secured underneath shingles.

A solar tracker includes a rotatable portion including a plurality of solar modules, at least a portion of each of the modules being arranged in a row and electrically coupled to each other in series to define at least one string. A motor is operatively coupled to the rotatable portion and configured to supply torque to the rotatable portion for rotating the rotatable portion about an axis. At least one electrical characteristic sensor and at least one controller are in operative communication with the motor and with the at least one electrical characteristic sensor. The at least one controller is configured to instruct the motor to supply torque to the rotatable portion in response to one or more signals received by the at least one controller from the at least one electrical characteristic sensor. A method of operating a solar tracking system is also disclosed.