Systems and methods for cleaning transmission surfaces for optical and sensor surfaces in order to maintain optimal performance under a variety of weather and environmental conditions using synthetic jet actuators. The actuators can emit a jet of water or air depending on environmental conditions and the waveform, frequency, amplitude of the actuator can be adjusted based on particle characteristics and transmission signal quality in order to better clean the surfaces.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for melting snow from a surface of a power source. The power source may be a photovoltaic (PV) module.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for melting snow from a surface of a power source. The power source may be a photovoltaic (PV) module.

Disclosed herein is an autonomous solar panel for use in winter conditions. The panel includes at least one energy transfer member associated with the solar panel. A sensor is in communication with the energy transfer member. A power supply is connected to the energy transfer member. A network interconnects the energy transfer member, the sensor, and the power supply, and is configured so that when the sensor senses an accumulation of winter precipitation on the solar panel, a portion of stored power in the power supply activates the energy transfer member and the winter precipitation is removed from the solar panel.

Disclosed herein is an autonomous solar panel for use in winter conditions. The panel includes at least one energy transfer member associated with the solar panel. A sensor is in communication with the energy transfer member. A power supply is connected to the energy transfer member. A network interconnects the energy transfer member, the sensor, and the power supply, and is configured so that when the sensor senses an accumulation of winter precipitation on the solar panel, a portion of stored power in the power supply activates the energy transfer member and the winter precipitation is removed from the solar panel.

Provided is a system for controlling photovoltaic strings to perform Domino-type automatic snow melting, including a controller, M photovoltaic strings and a photovoltaic power supply control module; the 1.sup.st to (k−1).sup.th photovoltaic strings supply power to the k.sup.th photovoltaic string, in response to the k.sup.th photovoltaic string being in a load mode, 2≤k≤M. The M photovoltaic strings are correspondingly connected to M photovoltaic interfaces of the photovoltaic power supply control module; the controller is connected to the photovoltaic power supply control module, and is configured to control the working state of the photovoltaic power supply control module.

Provided is a system for controlling photovoltaic strings to perform Domino-type automatic snow melting, including a controller, M photovoltaic strings and a photovoltaic power supply control module; the 1.sup.st to (k−1).sup.th photovoltaic strings supply power to the k.sup.th photovoltaic string, in response to the k.sup.th photovoltaic string being in a load mode, 2≤k≤M. The M photovoltaic strings are correspondingly connected to M photovoltaic interfaces of the photovoltaic power supply control module; the controller is connected to the photovoltaic power supply control module, and is configured to control the working state of the photovoltaic power supply control module.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for melting snow from a surface of a power source. The power source may be a photovoltaic (PV) module.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for melting snow from a surface of a power source. The power source may be a photovoltaic (PV) module.

A solar panel apparatus having an upper frame and a lower frame, the upper and lower frames being pivotally connected to one another via a hinge. The upper frame contains a solar panel, and the lower frame contains a plurality of louvres. The plurality of louvres is configured to rotate as the angle of the upper frame is adjusted relative to the sun. Dividing walls inside each of the upper and lower frames are configured to allow warm air to flow from behind the louvres, which are black on their front faces to absorb solar rays, upward to behind the solar panel, thereby warming the solar panel and melting any snow or ice from the front surface of the solar panel. Air vents in both the upper and lower frames prevent the apparatus from overheating.