A power converter box and at least one junction box are integrated on a backplane of the photovoltaic module as a whole, and there is a cable for connecting the power converter and the junction box. In this case, relative to the conventional technology in which a junction box is independent of a power converter, a length of a cable used when the junction box and the power converter box are taken as a whole is shorter than a length of a cable used in the conventional technology. In this case, compared with the conventional technology in which a cable is connected to an independently placed power converter, the power converter only needs to establish a connection relationship by using a solder ribbon, a circuit board cable, and the like with low costs, so that production costs are low.

A power converter box and at least one junction box are integrated on a backplane of the photovoltaic module as a whole, and there is a cable for connecting the power converter and the junction box. In this case, relative to the conventional technology in which a junction box is independent of a power converter, a length of a cable used when the junction box and the power converter box are taken as a whole is shorter than a length of a cable used in the conventional technology. In this case, compared with the conventional technology in which a cable is connected to an independently placed power converter, the power converter only needs to establish a connection relationship by using a solder ribbon, a circuit board cable, and the like with low costs, so that production costs are low.

A self-contained clean energy system includes mirrors that amplify and reflect light received from a battery-powered LED to an angled chamber lined with alternating solar cells and mirrors to power the system and to further power LED lights in similar systems in communication with the clean energy system, which is independent of a power grid.

A self-contained clean energy system includes mirrors that amplify and reflect light received from a battery-powered LED to an angled chamber lined with alternating solar cells and mirrors to power the system and to further power LED lights in similar systems in communication with the clean energy system, which is independent of a power grid.

Reconfigurable PV panels can have features that include cut lines for separating full panels into smaller subpanels, connector ribbons for assembling several reconfigurable PV panels into a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array and can be stacked upon each other and unstacked by rotating them about a shared connection.

A photovoltaic apparatus (1000) is provided including a front sheet (250) having a first portion (2501) and a second portion (2502). The photovoltaic apparatus further includes a back sheet (210) having a first portion (2101), a second portion (2102), and a first folded portion (2103), where the second portion of the front sheet is disposed between the second portion of the back sheet and the first folded portion of the back sheet. The photovoltaic apparatus further includes one or more photovoltaic devices (100) disposed between the first portion of the front sheet and the first portion of the back sheet, where each of the one or more photovoltaic devices includes an array of photovoltaic cells (105).

A photovoltaic apparatus (1000) is provided including a front sheet (250) having a first portion (2501) and a second portion (2502). The photovoltaic apparatus further includes a back sheet (210) having a first portion (2101), a second portion (2102), and a first folded portion (2103), where the second portion of the front sheet is disposed between the second portion of the back sheet and the first folded portion of the back sheet. The photovoltaic apparatus further includes one or more photovoltaic devices (100) disposed between the first portion of the front sheet and the first portion of the back sheet, where each of the one or more photovoltaic devices includes an array of photovoltaic cells (105).

Disclosed are a test apparatus of a solar cell and a photovoltaic system including the same. A test apparatus of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes an interface to receive cell information including cell efficiency, cell voltage, and cell current and a processor to perform learning based on the cell information of the solar cell and line information of a string line including the solar cell, predict an output of a solar cell module including the solar cell based on the learning, and output an output prediction value of the solar cell module. As a result, an output deviation of the solar cell module including a plurality of solar cells can be reduced.

Disclosed are a test apparatus of a solar cell and a photovoltaic system including the same. A test apparatus of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes an interface to receive cell information including cell efficiency, cell voltage, and cell current and a processor to perform learning based on the cell information of the solar cell and line information of a string line including the solar cell, predict an output of a solar cell module including the solar cell based on the learning, and output an output prediction value of the solar cell module. As a result, an output deviation of the solar cell module including a plurality of solar cells can be reduced.

An AC trunk cable assembly and a system for coupling AC power to a power grid. In one embodiment, the AC trunk cable assembly comprises an AC trunk cable that (i) comprises at least two wires for carrying AC voltage phases, and (ii) does not have a ground wire; and a plurality of AC trunk splice connectors, spaced along the AC trunk cable, for coupling to a plurality of inverters in a one-to-one-correspondence, wherein each AC trunk splice connector of the plurality of AC trunk splice connectors comprises at least two phase-line conductors for coupling AC power from the corresponding inverter to the at least two wires of the AC trunk cable.