Electrodes that are configured to apply energy within the tissue while moving relative to the tissue. The apparatuses (devices, assemblies, systems) described herein may be configured with one or more electrodes that may move slightly in oscillatory movement and/or rotation relative to the tissue. The apparatuses described herein may be used to apply energy to a patient while minimizing or preventing the unintended modification of the tissue adjacent to the electrode, such as by arcing.

A deep brain stimulation transparent electrode array and a neural signal detection method using the same are proposed. The deep brain stimulation transparent electrode array includes a biocompatible dielectric substrate, a plurality of electrode sites arranged on one side of the substrate, a plurality of electrically conductive contacts arranged on the other side of the substrate, and an interconnector extended from each electrode site so as to be connected to each contact. The deep brain stimulation transparent electrode array is capable of conducting deep brain electrical stimulation and brain wave detection while minimizing image distortion in magnetic resonance imaging, and accuracy of the deep brain electrical stimulation and the brain wave detection may be increased by enhancing ability to carry electric current and minimizing the image distortion in the magnetic resonance imaging.

A deep brain stimulation transparent electrode array and a neural signal detection method using the same are proposed. The deep brain stimulation transparent electrode array includes a biocompatible dielectric substrate, a plurality of electrode sites arranged on one side of the substrate, a plurality of electrically conductive contacts arranged on the other side of the substrate, and an interconnector extended from each electrode site so as to be connected to each contact. The deep brain stimulation transparent electrode array is capable of conducting deep brain electrical stimulation and brain wave detection while minimizing image distortion in magnetic resonance imaging, and accuracy of the deep brain electrical stimulation and the brain wave detection may be increased by enhancing ability to carry electric current and minimizing the image distortion in the magnetic resonance imaging.

The present disclosure relates to a system for generating a predefined electrical signal in an MR scanner for use in electrical stimulation of a subject during MRI or functional MRI of said subject, wherein said MR scanner is located inside a shielded MRI room. The system comprises a control unit to be located outside the MRI room for generating an electrical signal and an electrical to optical converter to be located outside the MRI room for converting said electrical signal to a corresponding optical signal. An optical transmitting element, such as an optical fiber, is used for transmitting the optical signal into the MRI room, and an optical to electrical converter is used for converting the optical signal to said predefined electrical signal for electrical stimulation of the subject during magnetic resonance imaging. The optical to electrical converter is configured for being located inside the MRI room and for operation during magnetic resonance imaging.

A method of applying a neural stimulus with an implanted electrode array involves applying a sequence of stimuli configured to yield a therapeutic effect while suppressing psychophysical side effects. The stimuli sequence is configured such that a first stimulus recruits a portion of the fibre population, and a second stimulus is delivered within the refractory period following the first stimulus and the second stimulus being configured to recruit a further portion of the fibre population. Using an electrode array and suitable relative timing of the stimuli, ascending or descending volleys of evoked responses can be selectively synchronised or desynchronised to give directional control over responses evoked.

A stent for intravascular stimulation comprises a scaffold comprising first and second scaffold structures, each scaffold structure comprising at least one substantially annular portion. The stent further comprises one or more anodal electrodes formed from or electrically coupled to at least a substantially annular portion of the first scaffold structure and one or more cathodal electrodes electrically formed from or coupled to at least a substantially annular portion of the second scaffold structure. The stent further comprises an anodal lead electrically coupled to the first scaffold structure to form a conductive path from the one or more anodal electrodes to a generator and a cathodal lead electrically coupled to the second scaffold structure to form a conductive path from the one or more cathodal electrodes to the generator. The stent further comprises a sleeve of insulating material, wherein the scaffold structures are attached to or formed on the sleeve of insulating material and are separated from each other by a distance such that the first and second scaffold structures are electrically insulated from each other.

A stent for intravascular stimulation comprises a scaffold comprising first and second scaffold structures, each scaffold structure comprising at least one substantially annular portion. The stent further comprises one or more anodal electrodes formed from or electrically coupled to at least a substantially annular portion of the first scaffold structure and one or more cathodal electrodes electrically formed from or coupled to at least a substantially annular portion of the second scaffold structure. The stent further comprises an anodal lead electrically coupled to the first scaffold structure to form a conductive path from the one or more anodal electrodes to a generator and a cathodal lead electrically coupled to the second scaffold structure to form a conductive path from the one or more cathodal electrodes to the generator. The stent further comprises a sleeve of insulating material, wherein the scaffold structures are attached to or formed on the sleeve of insulating material and are separated from each other by a distance such that the first and second scaffold structures are electrically insulated from each other.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for electrically modulating tissue. Systems can include a current generator; at least one implantable working electrode, the at least one implantable working electrode configured to be in electrical communication with the current generator; at least one indifferent electrode; and a controller configured to signal the current generator to: generate a set of currents with a set of initial polarities to be delivered to the working electrodes; and wherein the at least one indifferent electrode absorbs a bias current which is equal in magnitude and opposite in polarity to a summation of the set of currents.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for electrically modulating tissue. Systems can include a current generator; at least one implantable working electrode, the at least one implantable working electrode configured to be in electrical communication with the current generator; at least one indifferent electrode; and a controller configured to signal the current generator to: generate a set of currents with a set of initial polarities to be delivered to the working electrodes; and wherein the at least one indifferent electrode absorbs a bias current which is equal in magnitude and opposite in polarity to a summation of the set of currents.

An implantable neural interface system comprising: at least one electrode; a spine providing a passage for electrical conductors connectable to a pulse generator and the at least one electrode; at least one arm extending from the spine, wherein the electrode is positioned on the arm; and a strain relief feature configured to reduce strain in relative movement of portions of neural interface system to accommodate a curvature in an axis of a target on or in which the neural interface is provided.