Devices, systems, and techniques for controlling electrical stimulation therapy are described. In one example, a system is configured to deliver, via a first electrode combination, a first stimulation pulse to a portion of a spinal cord of a patient located caudally of a spinal cord injury location of the spinal cord of the patient; sense, via a second electrode combination, an evoked compound action potential (ECAP) signal elicited by the first stimulation pulse; identify, by processing circuitry, a characteristic of the ECAP signal; determine, by the processing circuitry and based on the characteristic of the ECAP signal, a therapy parameter value that at least partially defines a second stimulation pulse; and deliver the second stimulation pulse according to the determined therapy parameter value.

In some embodiments, an electrical probing stimulation pattern is delivered to the brain of a subject. A response to the electrical probing is analyzed, and used to determine a type of predicted seizure. The type of predicted seizure may be used to determine a treatment electrical stimulation pattern that may be administered to prevent onset of the predicted seizure. In some embodiments, a predicted seizure metric is calculated, which, in some implementations, acts as an indicator of “distance” (e.g., probability distance) to the predicted seizure. Furthermore, a subject model may be trained to assist with determining the type of predicted seizure, and determining the treatment electrical stimulation pattern.

Disclosed examples generally include methods and apparatuses related to microphone units, such as may be found in implantable medical devices (e.g., cochlear implants). Microphone units generally include a microphone element connected to a chamber having a concave floor with the chamber covered by a membrane. Microphone units can be configured to produce an output based on pressure waves (e.g., sound waves) that reach the membrane. In an example, a microphone unit has a pressurized gas within the chamber below the membrane such that, while in a static state, the membrane deflects away from the chamber floor.

A method of performing personalized neuromodulation on a subject is provided. The method includes acquiring functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of a brain of the subject. The method also includes calculating functional connectivity of the brain between a voxel in a subcortical region of the brain and a voxel in a cortical region of the brain, based on the fMRI data. The method also includes identifying a target location in the brain to be targeted by neuromodulation based on the calculated functional connectivity.

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for efficient wireless powering of an electrical load with precise external control over pulsed voltage waveform and metering of charge delivered. The system interfaces to an inductive coil for RF power delivery from an external duty-cycled RF power transmitter, and the electrical load. The electrical load may be a photosensitive array of electrodes for an optically addressed, electrically activated retinal prosthesis. The voltage waveform to activate the load is controlled by the transmitted RF amplitude, including switching between cathodic and anodic phases of electrical stimulation. Charge delivered to the load is quantified as discharge events through a series capacitor, transmitted by backtelemetry to the receiver for continuous monitoring throughout the stimulation phases. The subject disclosure further provides for calibration of voltage amplitude and charge metering, to compensate for variable wireless link and load conditions, through additional stimulation phases with a supplementary load with known and stable characteristics.

A trial stimulation system includes a trial electrical stimulator. Additionally, systems for securing a disposable trial stimulator to the body of a patient are described, which may function to improve the durability of the system during the trial period and reduce the risk of damage or malfunction to the system due to lead/electrode dislocation and/or off-label uses like showering or bathing with the trial stimulator still secured to the body.

The disclosed systems and methods include a neuromodulation system including at least one neuromodulation device, at least one neuromodulation pattern storage means, and at least one neuromodulation controller. The neuromodulation pattern storage means can store neuromodulation data. The neuromodulation data can specify neurostimulation with at least one of a carrying frequency of at least 1 kHz or multipolar stimulation. The neuromodulation device can provide neuromodulation according to the neuromodulation data.

Systems and methods for increasing learning via transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation is presented. The disclosure can include positioning a device within a human ear and delivering specifically timed and modulated pulses of electrical energy to the auricular vagus nerve transcutaneously, avoiding invasive procedures commonly associated with vagus nerve stimulation. The present disclosure can enhance reading comprehension, facilitate the learning letter-sound relationships, and provide for increased retention of new languages for a patient, all without surgically implanting a device into a patient.

The present disclosure describes methods and devices for increasing human life span (longevity) via electromagnetic treatment. An array of electromagnetic emitters are positioned proximal to a subject. An electromagnetic wave generator generates electromagnetic fields having a predetermined set of parameters. Life span is increased by applying the electromagnetic waves to the subject through the electromagnetic emitters.

An apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields to a subject's body. The apparatus comprises: a plurality of electrically coupled electrode elements to be located on a subject's body and able to deliver tumor treating fields to the subject's body, wherein at least one electrode element of the plurality of electrically coupled electrode elements comprises a dielectric layer, the dielectric layer has a first surface to face the subject's body and a second surface opposite the first surface, and at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the dielectric layer is a non-planar surface.