A transmitting apparatus is disclosed. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder to perform channel encoding with respect to bits and generate a codeword, an interleaver to interleave the codeword, and a modulator to map the interleaved codeword onto a non-uniform constellation according to a modulation scheme, and the constellation may include constellation points defined based on various tables according to the modulation scheme.

A transmitting apparatus is disclosed. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder to perform channel encoding with respect to bits and generate a codeword, an interleaver to interleave the codeword, and a modulator to map the interleaved codeword onto a non-uniform constellation according to a modulation scheme, and the constellation may include constellation points defined based on various tables according to the modulation scheme.

An encoder receives a concatenated encoder input block d, splits d into an outer code input array a, and encodes a using outer codes to generate an outer code output array b. The encoder generates, from b, a concatenated code output array x using a layered polarization adjusted convolutional (LPAC) code. A decoder counts layers and carries out an inner decoding operation for a layered polarization adjusted convolutional (LPAC) code to generate an inner decoder decision {tilde over (b)}.sub.i from a concatenated decoder input array y and a cumulative decision feedback ({circumflex over (b)}.sub.1, {circumflex over (b)}.sub.2, . . . , {circumflex over (b)}.sub.i−1). The decoder carries out an outer decoding operation to generate from {tilde over (b)}.sub.i an outer decoder decision â.sub.i, and carries out a reencoding operation to generate a decision feedback {circumflex over (b)}.sub.i from â.sub.i, where the number of layers is an integer greater than one, with a concatenated decoder output block {circumflex over (d)} being generated from outer decoder decisions.

A method for transmitting a broadcast signal according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises generating service layer signaling information for discovery and acquisition of a broadcast service and a content component of the broadcast service; generating service list information including for service list building and discovery of the service layer signaling information; and physical layer processing of the service list information, service layer signaling information, and content component.

Field error correction coding is particularly suitable for applications in non-volatile flash memories. We describe a method for error correction encoding of data to be stored in a memory device, a corresponding method for decoding a codeword matrix resulting from the encoding method, a coding device, and a computer program for performing the methods on the coding device, using a new construction for high-rate generalized concatenated (GC) codes. The codes, which are well suited for error correction in flash memories for high reliability data storage, are constructed from inner nested binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes and outer codes, preferably Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. For the inner codes extended BCH codes are used, where only single parity-check codes are applied in the first level of the GC code. This enables high-rate codes.

A soft input decoding method and a decoder for generalized concatenated (GC) codes. The GC codes are constructed from inner nested block codes, such as binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem, BCH, codes and outer codes, such as Reed-Solomon, RS, codes. In order to enable soft input decoding for the inner block codes, a sequential stack decoding algorithm is used. Ordinary stack decoding of binary block codes requires the complete trellis of the code. In one aspect, the present invention applies instead a representation of the block codes based on the trellises of supercodes in order to reduce the memory requirements for the representation of the inner codes. This enables an efficient hardware implementation. In another aspect, there is provided a soft input decoding method and device employing a sequential stack decoding algorithm in combination with list-of-two decoding which is particularly well suited for applications that require very low residual error rates.

A multi-carrier transmitter apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes an outer encoder, a shell mapper and an inner encoder. The outer encoder is configured to receive a signal, perform error correction using an outer code on the received signal and generate an outer encoder signal. The shell mapper is configured to perform constellation shaping on a subset of bits from the outer encoder signal and generate one or more constellation shaping bits. The inner encoder is configured to perform inner error correction/encoding using an inner code on a second subset of bits from the outer encoder signal and generate an inner correction signal.

A transmitting apparatus is provided. The transmitting apparatus includes: an encoder configured to generate a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword by LDPC encoding of input bits based on a parity check matrix including information word bits and parity bits, the LDPC codeword including a plurality of bit groups each including a plurality of bits; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to map the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a modulation symbol, wherein the interleaver is further configured to interleave the LDPC codeword such that a bit included in a predetermined bit group from among the plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit of the modulation symbol.

A transmitting apparatus is disclosed. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder to perform channel encoding with respect to bits and generate a codeword, an interleaver to interleave the codeword, and a modulator to map the interleaved codeword onto a non-uniform constellation according to a modulation scheme, and the constellation may include constellation points defined based on various tables according to the modulation scheme.

A transmitting apparatus is disclosed. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder to perform channel encoding with respect to bits and generate a codeword, an interleaver to interleave the codeword, and a modulator to map the interleaved codeword onto a non-uniform constellation according to a modulation scheme, and the constellation may include constellation points defined based on various tables according to the modulation scheme.