A method for transmitting data over a power signal to at least one lamp, said power signal comprising alternating high-power and low-power sections, said method comprising: modulating said power signal in one or more interface regions based upon at least one data symbol to generate a modulated signal having one or more modulated portions, each modulated portion having a first average power, each of said interface regions comprising adjacent portions of a high-power section and a low-power section, said adjacent portions having a second average portion; wherein said first average power is about the same as said second average power

Embodiments of methods and systems are presented for handling PHY frames with multiple Reed-Solomon encoded blocks in PLC networks. A PHY frame is receive from a PLC device, the PHY frame comprising two or more Reed-Solomon encoded blocks. A first Reed-Solomon encoded block comprises a media access control (MAC) header. The first Reed-Solomon encoded block is decoded. An error-detection check is performed on the first decoded Reed-Solomon encoded block.

An apparatus is provided for data communication over power lines in a PLC system. The apparatus includes a data-coupling circuit configured to provide data to the power lines for transmission. The data-coupling circuit includes a DC-isolation circuit configured to isolate circuitry of the data-coupling circuit from the power lines. The apparatus also includes a feedback circuit connected to the DC-isolation circuit. The feedback circuit has a power-tap circuit on an endpoint side of the feedback circuit. The power-tap circuit is configured to indicate/estimate of an amount of power, current, and/or voltage provided from the data-coupling circuit through the DC-isolation circuit and to the power lines. Based on the feedback the signal, the strength of a transmitted may be adjusted (e.g., to maintain constant signal strength).

Multicast transmissions are efficient but do not allow for individual acknowledgement that the data was received by each receiver. This is not acceptable for isochronous systems that require specific levels of QoS for each device. A multimedia communications protocol is provided that uses a novel multi-destination burst transmission protocol in multimedia isochronous systems. The transmitter establishes a bi-directional burst mode for multicasting data to multiple devices and receiving Reverse Start of Frame (RSOF) delimiters from each multicast-destination receiver in response to multiple SOF delimiters, thus providing protocol-efficient multi-destination acknowledgements.

A tone map selecting device includes: a bit-number-per-symbol providing circuit, providing a plurality of bit numbers per symbol, each of which associated with a tone map; a calculating circuit, performing a predetermined calculation on the bit numbers per symbol to generate a calculation result; and a selecting circuit, identifying one of the bit numbers per symbol that satisfies a predetermined relationship with the calculation result, and selecting the tone map associated with the bit number per symbol satisfying the predetermined relationship as a default tone map.

A personal wearable EEG monitor comprises a base part (1) having signal processing means (23), and an electrode part (2) with at least two electrodes (11, 12) for measuring an EEG signal of a person. The electrode part (2) comprises means for converting the EEG signal into a digital signal. The EEG monitor comprises a databus for transferring data between the base part (1) and the electrode part (2) and for providing power from one part to the other. The databus is adapted for application of two electrical wires. The invention further provides a method for communicating between two parts of an EEG monitor.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a waveguide system for determining an event associated with a mode of transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves on a surface of a transmission medium, identifying according to the event an updated mode for transmitting or receiving adjusted electromagnetic waves on the surface of a transmission medium, and transmitting or receiving the adjusted electromagnetic waves based on the updated mode. Other embodiments are disclosed.

According to one embodiment, there is provided a power electronics device in which a selects a first power electronics device and a second power electronics device from power electronics devices, based on power attribute information and communication attribute information of each power electronics device, and the first power electronics device is a master of power allocation control of electric energy that the power electronics devices connected to one power line of power lines perform input and output on the one power line, and the second power electronics device is a master of output power phase synchronization control of power which the power electronics devices connected to the one power line outputs to the one power line.

A Digital Addressable Lighting Interface, DALI, enabled communication device for transmitting messages over a communication bus having two communication lines, said device comprising a switch connected between said two communication lines, a controller arranged for controlling said switch for imposing logical communication levels on said communication bus, an energy storage device, connected in series with said switch, and arranged for storing electrical energy flowing from said bus through said switch, a bypass circuit arranged for bypassing said energy storage device when a voltage over said energy storage device is above a predetermined voltage threshold.

A slotted message access protocol can be implemented for transmitting short packets. Each beacon period may be divided into multiple time slots. At least one time slot may be assigned to a network device per beacon period based, at least in part, on latency specifications of packets that the network device is configured to transmit. In one example, some of the unassigned time slots may be designated as contention-based time slots. Network devices may contend with each other to gain control of and transmit packets during a contention-based time slot based on the priority level of the packets to be transmitted. Network devices may also use an encryption key and an initialization vector for securely exchanging short packets. Furthermore, a repeater network device may be designated to retransmit a packet, received from an original transmitting network device, during a communication time slot assigned to the original transmitting network device.